Galactose is a sugar that is found in the lactose component present in milk. A Galactosemia test is conducted to check whether the enzymes needed to convert galactose into glucose are present in your body or not. A person having galactosemia is usually devoid of such enzymes and as a result, a high concentration of galactose builds up in the human blood or urine. Galactosemia is a rare disease that is inherited in the newborns from their parents. A galactosemia test is normally prescribed by a doctor to check whether the newborn is infected with the disease or not. This test not only finds out whether the necessary enzymes are present in the body or not but also helps in determining whether the diet changes prescribed are working for the galactosemia patient or not.