Sputum is a thick substance produced by the lungs as a result of some infection or lung-related disorder. This substance cause coughing, breathing problems and often produces bacteria. The Sputum Examination is a pain-free test conducted to analyse the bacteria or fungi in the lungs that are causing sputum production. It helps in identifying any corollary diseases of sputum production as well. It is recommended during situations of extreme coughing and chest discomfort. There are no risks involved in this test. However, a difficulty faced during the test is getting enough sputum in the sample for accurate test results.