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There are several ectoparasites that can pose a life-threatening risk to dogs if left untreated. Here are three significant examples:

Fleas (ctenocephalides spp.): while fleas are common and often considered a nuisance, a severe infestation can lead to life-threatening conditions. Fleas can cause anemia, especially in young or small dogs, due to excessive blood loss. Some dogs may develop an allergic reaction to flea bites, leading to a condition called flea allergy dermatitis (fad). Fad can result in intense itching, severe skin inflammation, and secondary infections. Additionally, fleas can transmit certain diseases like bartonellosis (caused by bartonella bacteria) and tapeworm infestations.

Ticks (ixodidae family): ticks are known carriers of various diseases, some of which can be life-threatening to dogs. For example, ticks can transmit lyme disease, which can cause joint inflammation, lameness, and, in severe cases, kidney disease. Other tick-borne diseases include ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis, which can cause a range of symptoms such as fever, lethargy, anemia, and organ damage. Tick paralysis is another dangerous condition that can occur when certain species of ticks release a toxin while feeding, leading to progressive paralysis that can affect the respiratory muscles.

Sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei): sarcoptic mange, also known as scabies, is caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the dog's skin, leading to intense itching and irritation. If left untreated, sarcoptic mange can result in severe hair loss, self-inflicted wounds due to scratching, and secondary bacterial infections. In some cases, widespread mange infestations can weaken a dog's immune system, making them susceptible to other diseases.

It's important to promptly address any ectoparasite issues in dogs to prevent these life-threatening conditions. If you suspect your dog has an ectoparasite infestation or if they are showing symptoms of a related disease, consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

जब किसी भी तरह की बीमारी के इलाज की बात आती है तो दवाइयों और इंजेक्शन का जिक्र होना स्वाभाविक है। दरअसल, कई बार जब हम बीमारी का इलाज कराने के लिए डॉक्टर के पास जाते हैं तो डॉक्टर कई तरह की दवाइयों और इजेक्शन लेने की सलाह देता है और हम इन इंजेक्शन को लेकर लगवाते भी हैं।

क्या आपको मालूम है कि इंजेक्शन लगाने के अलग-अलग तरीके भी होते हैं। ऐसा ही एक तरीका है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन। तो चलिए आज हम इस सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के विषय में विस्तार से बात करते हैं।

क्या है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन को शॉर्ट भाषा में एससी इंजेक्शन भी कहते हैं और इसकी हिंदी अंतस्त्वचा इंजेक्शन मतलब त्वचा के नीचे लगने वाला इंजेक्शन है। इस तरह जो इंजेक्शन त्वचा के नीचे लगाए जाते हैं उन्हें सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन कहते हैं। कुछ परिस्थितियों में डॉक्टर आपको सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन घर पर लगाने की सलाह देते हैं। कुछ बीमारिया ऐसी होती है जैसे मधुमेह की बीमारी में आपको सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन घर पर ही लगाने होते है।

कैसे लगाया जाता है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन में दवा को त्वचा और मांसपेशियों के बीच ऊतक परत में इंजेक्ट किया जाता है और इसके लिए छोटी सुई का उपयोग किया जाता है। इस तरह से दी जाने वाली दवा आमतौर पर नस में इंजेक्शन लगाने की तुलना में अधिक धीरे-धीरे अवशोषित होती है। कभी-कभी इसमें 24 घंटे तक का समय लग जाता है। हालांकि, इसके बावजूद कुछ बीमारियों में यह इंजेक्शन नसों में लगाए जाने वाले इंजेक्शन से ज्यादा प्रभावित करते हैं। इसी वजह से डॉक्टर इस प्रकार के इंजेक्शन को लगाने की सलाह देते हैं।

डॉक्टर्स क्यों देते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने की सलाह
कुछ बीमारियां ऐसी भी होती हैं जिसमें खाई जाने वाली दवाइयां ज्यादा असरदार नहीं होती, क्योंकि पेट में एसिड और एंजाइम इन दवाइयों को नष्ट कर देते हैं। ऐसी सूरत में डॉक्टर्स सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने की सलाह देते हैं। क्योंकि इनपर पेट में मौजूद एसिड और एंजाइम का कोई असर नहीं पड़ता। वहीं नसों में लगने वाले इंजेक्शन जैसे तरीके कठिन और महंगे हो सकते हैं। जबकि मांसपेशियों में लगने वाले इंजेक्शन जैसे अन्य तरीके कठिन और महंगे हो सकते हैं। सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन आपके शरीर में दवा लेने का एक उपयोगी, सुरक्षित और सुविधाजनक तरीका हो सकता है।

सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन से दी जाने वाली दवाएं
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से शरीर में ऐसी दवाओं को इंजेक्ट किया जाता है जिनकी मात्रा कम होती है। आमतौर पर इन दवाओं की मात्रा 1 एमएल से कम होती है लेकिन 2 एमएल तक सुरक्षित माना जाता है। इसके अलावा जिन दवाओं को बहुत जल्दी देने की आवश्यकता होती है, उन्हें भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से भी दिया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के रूप में हम एपिनेफ्रीन को ले सकते हैं जो एक स्वचालित इंजेक्टर रूप में आता है। इसे एपिपेन भी कहा जाता है। इसका उपयोग गंभीर एलर्जी प्रतिक्रियाओं का तुरंत उपचार करने के लिए किया जाता है।

कुछ दर्द की दवाएं जैसे मॉर्फिन और हाइड्रोमोर्फोन (डिलाउडिड) को भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के रूप में दिए जा सकते हैं। मेटोक्लोप्रमाइड (रेगलन) या डेक्सामेथासोन (डेक्सपैक) जैसी मतली और उल्टी को रोकने वाली दवाएं भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से दी जा सकती हैं। कुछ टीकों और एलर्जी शॉट्स को भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के रूप में दिया जाता है।

ज्यादातर कहां लगाए जाते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के लिए कुछ स्थान महत्वपूर्ण है। इसकी वजह भी है। दरअसल, दवा को त्वचा के ठीक नीचे फैटी टिश्यू में इंजेक्ट करने की आवश्यकता होती है। शरीर के कुछ क्षेत्रों में ऊतक की अधिक आसानी से सुलभ परत होती है, जहां त्वचा के नीचे इंजेक्ट की गई सुई मांसपेशियों, हड्डी या रक्त वाहिकाओं को नहीं लगेगी।

शरीर में सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने के सबसे आम स्थान :

उदर: नाभि के स्तर पर या उसके नीचे, नाभि से लगभग दो इंच की दूरी पर
भुजा: ऊपरी भुजा के पीछे या बगल में
जांघ: जांघ के सामने
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से दी जाने वाली दवाओं के रूप

दवा: तरल दवा की शीशियां सिंगल यूज या मुलती यूज हो सकती हैं। शीशियों को एक पाउडर से भी भरा जा सकता है जिसमें तरल को जोड़ने की आवश्यकता होती है।
सीरिंज: सुइयां मात्र 5/8 इंच लंबी होती हैं। सुई की मोटाई आमतौर पर 25 या 27 गेज होती है। 1 एमएल से अधिक या बच्चों या दृष्टिबाधित लोगों को इस माध्यम से सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन दिया जा सकता है।
ऑटो-इंजेक्टर पेन: कुछ दवाएं पेन में उपलब्ध होती हैं। इसे एक बार ही उपयोग में लाया जा सकता है। इसमें पहले से ही सुई लगी होती है। आवश्यक दवा पर्याप्त मात्रा पहले से ही मौजूद रहती है। एपिनेफ्रीन जैसी आपातकालीन दवाएं भी इस रूप में आ सकती हैं।
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने का सही तरीका
संभावित संक्रमण को रोकने के लिए अपने हाथों को साबुन और गर्म पानी से धोएं। उंगलियों के बीच, हाथों के पीछे और नाखूनों के नीचे अच्छी तरह से स्क्रब करना चाहिए। रोग नियंत्रण और रोकथाम केंद्र (सीडीसी) अपने हाथों को सुखाने के लिए 20 सेकंड के लिए ताली बजाने की सलाह देता है।
इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन में इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली सभी चीजों को इकट्ठा करें। जैसे दवा या ऑटो-इंजेक्टर पेन के साथ सुई और सिरिंज, इंजेक्शन को लगाने वाली त्वचा को साफ करने के लिए अल्कोहल पैड, सुई को हटाने के लिए शार्प कंटेनर और पट्टियां।
उस जगह की सफाई और निरीक्षण करें, जहां इंजेक्शन लगाना हो। दवा इंजेक्ट करने से पहले, यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए अपनी त्वचा का निरीक्षण करें कि क्षेत्र में कोई चोट, जलन, सूजनतो नहीं है। बार-बार इंजेक्शन वाले क्षेत्र को नुकसान से बचाने के लिए शरीर में किसी अन्य स्थान का चयन भी पहले से ही कर लेना चाहिए जहां इंजेक्शन लगाया जा सकता हो। फिर आपको एल्कोहल पैड से त्वचा को साफ करना चाहिए। इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले अल्कोहल को अच्छी तरह सूखने दें।
दवा के साथ सिरिंज तैयार करें। शीशी से दवा वापस लेने और खुद को या किसी और को इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले, सुनिश्चित करें कि आप सही दवा का उपयोग सही मात्रा में, सही समय पर और सही तरीके से कर रहे हैं। प्रत्येक इंजेक्शन के साथ एक नई सुई और सिरिंज का प्रयोग करें।
कैसे तैयार करें एक सिरिंज
शीशी से ढक्कन हटा दें। यदि शीशी मल्टीडोज है, तो इस बात पर ध्यान दें कि शीशी को पहली बार कब खोला गया था। रबर स्टॉपर को अल्कोहल पैड से साफ किया जाना चाहिए।
जिस खुराक को आप इंजेक्ट कर रहे हैं, उस तक सिरिंज को हवा से भरने के लिए प्लंजर को वापस खींचें। ऐसा इसलिए किया जाता है क्योंकि शीशी वैक्यूम होती है, और आपको दबाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए समान मात्रा में हवा जोड़ने की आवश्यकता होती है। इससे दवा को सिरिंज में खींचना आसान हो जाता है। हालांकि, यदि आप इस चरण को भूल जाते हैं, तब भी आप दवा को शीशी से बाहर निकाल सकते हैं।
सुई से टोपी निकालें और शीशी के शीर्ष पर रबर डाट के माध्यम से सुई को धक्का दें। सारी हवा शीशी में डालें। इसे साफ रखने के लिए सुई को छूना नहीं चाहिए।
शीशी और सीरिंज को उल्टा कर दें। सुई ऊपर की ओर रहनी चाहिए। फिर दवा की सही मात्रा निकालने के लिए प्लंजर को वापस खींच लें। सीरिंज में अगर कोई बुलबुला नजर आ रहा है तो उसे हटा दें। बुलबुले को हटाने के लिए सिरिंज को टैप करें और हवा के बुलबुले को बाहर धकेलने के लिए प्लंजर को धीरे से दबाएं।
अब अपने अंगूठे और तर्जनी के बीच की त्वचा की एक बड़ी चुटकी लें और इसे पकड़ें। (आपका अंगूठा और तर्जनी लगभग एक इंच और डेढ़ इंच अलग होनी चाहिए।) यह वसायुक्त ऊतक को मांसपेशियों से दूर खींचती है और इंजेक्शन को आसान बनाती है।
90 डिग्री के कोण पर पिंच की हुई त्वचा में सुई डालें। आपको इसे जल्दी करना चाहिए, लेकिन बिना ज्यादा ताकत के। यदि आपके शरीर पर बहुत कम वसा है, तो आपको सुई को त्वचा पर 45 डिग्री के कोण पर इंजेक्ट करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है।
दवा इंजेक्ट करने के लिए प्लंजर को धीरे-धीरे दबाएं। आपको दवा की पूरी मात्रा इंजेक्ट करनी चाहिए।
दबी हुई त्वचा को छोड़ दें और सुई को बाहर निकाल लें। उपयोग की गई सुई को पंचर-प्रतिरोधी शार्प के कंटेनर में छोड़ दें।
इंजेक्शन साइट पर हल्का दबाव लागू करने के लिए मुलायम कपड़े का प्रयोग करें। अगर कोई खून बह रहा है, तो यह बहुत मामूली होना चाहिए। आपको बाद में थोड़ी चोट लग सकती है। यह सामान्य बात है और इसमें चिंतित होने की कोई बात नहीं है।
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के दुष्परिणाम
रोजाना सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने वालों को इस बात का ध्यान जरूर रखना चाहिए कि कहीं आप एक ही जगह पर एक से अधिक बार या कई दिनों से इंजेक्शन तो नहीं लगा रहे हैं, क्योंकि ऐसे इंजेक्शन लगाने के लिए शरीर के स्थान को बदलना आवश्यक है। इसका मतलब है कि आपको एक ही स्थान पर लगातार दो बार दवा इंजेक्ट नहीं करनी चाहिए।

उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आपने आज सुबह अपनी बाईं जांघ में दवा का इंजेक्शन लगाया है, तो आज दोपहर अपनी दाहिनी जांघ का उपयोग करें। एक ही जगह पर इंजेक्शन का बार-बार उपयोग करने से असुविधा हो सकती है और ऊतक क्षति भी हो सकती है।

जैसा कि किसी भी इंजेक्शन प्रक्रिया के साथ होता है, इंजेक्शन की जगह पर संक्रमण होने की संभावना होती है। इंजेक्शन स्थल पर संक्रमण के लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:

गंभीर दर्द
लालपन
सूजन
गर्मी या जल निकासी
इन लक्षणों को तुरंत अपने डॉक्टर को सूचित किया जाना चाहिए।

1. Dr. Subhash tiwari

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/akola/doctor/dr-subhash-tiwari-general-physician

Pgd maternal child health, mbbs, general physician, akola

47 years experience 150 at clinic 200 online

He really is in the medical community for his work as a family doctor. As a doctor, he has extensive training and experience in a wide range of areas. After earning his mbbs from government medical college, nagpur in 1975, he completed a postgraduate diploma in maternal and child health at bjmc, an institution widely regarded for its excellence in clinical education. ;

The doctor's expertise isn't restricted to working with adults, he also has a great deal of practise dealing with the unique medical challenges that children encounter. He is well-respected in his field, thanks to his membership in the ima college of general practitioners, which allows him to participate in a variety of seminars and continuing medical education courses.

2. Dr. Santosh pimparkar

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-santosh-pimparkar-general-physician

Bachelor of ayurveda, medicine and surgery (bams), ms, general physician, pune

19 years experience 100 at clinic

He has earned a stellar reputation as a physician of many specialties. Furthermore, he is an advanced endoscopic interventional surgeon with extensive training and experience in a wide range of subspecialties. He attended prestigious schools for his clinical training, earning his bachelor of ayurveda, medicine, and surgery (bams) from cssmss ayurveda college in aurangabad in 2003 and his master of surgery (ms) from muhs nashik university in 2017. ;

He has spent years serving as a consultant at a number of famous hospitals and organisations, during which time he has earned a reputation for excellence for the exceptional quality of his work.

3. Dr. Amit malik

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-amit-malik-general-physician

General physician, pune

500 online

He has earned a stellar reputation as a physician of many specialties among his many areas of expertise is the treatment of spinal pain. As a result of his prompt treatment, mental health diseases tend to be less severe and less persistent, earning him a reputation as an authority in the field. His area of expertise is trichology, and he has helped hundreds of patients with hair loss due to genital or metabolic causes including pattern baldness, alopecia keratosis, protein shortage, or vitamin d3 deficiency. When it comes to immunodeficiency diseases, he is your man.

4. Dr. Salma siddiqui

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-salma-siddiqui-general-physician ;

Mbbs bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery, dnb - general medicine,

General physician, pune

18 years experience 400 at clinic 350 online

Dr. Salma is a renowned physician who works as a general physician. In addition, she is specialised and trained in various fields as a diabetologist and a thyroid specialist. Dr. Salma received her higher clinical education from esteemed institutions such as rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, bangalore where she received her mbbs, bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery degree in 2004. In addition, Dr. Salma is board certified in diabetes and thyroid disorders.

In 2006, she also completed a fellowship in critical care at indraprastha apollo hospitals. She holds a dnb in general medicine, which she received from medical trust hospital in kurla. As a general physician at swasthya clinic and at kerala general physician in karnataka, she has previous experience working in a variety of notable hospitals and organisations. Patients who suffer from rhinitis as well as oral and throat infections are some of the patients she treats in her capacity as a rhinologist. ;

She is a specialist in diabetes, but she also treats patients who have diseases related to the endocrine system. Patients who suffer from problems such as piles, fistula, and haemorrhoids are able to receive treatment from her because she is an expert in both anorectal disorders and infectious infections.

5. Dr. K g agrawal

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-k-g-agrawal-cardiologist

Mbbs bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery, md - medicine

General physician, pune

50 years experience 400 at clinic

Dr. Agarwal is a well-respected medical practitioner who works in the field of general medicine. He is highly skilled and knowledgeable in a variety of areas as a diabetologist. In addition to that, he is a consultant in the field of internal medicine. He offers his services to couples and people who are struggling with infertility, and is a specialist in the field of cardiology.

Patients who suffer from head pain, specifically migraines and headaches, are the primary focus of his practice. He has received his higher clinical education from esteemed institutions, like getting an mbbs (bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery) from rani durgawati vishwa vidyalaya of jabalpur in 1972, and also earning his md in medicine from there too. ;

6. Dr. Abhay a mali

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-abhay-a-mali-general-physician

Mbbs, diploma in diabetology

General physician, pune

17 years experience 700 at clinic 250 online

He is a well-respected health professional who practises as a general practitioner. In addition to that, he is highly skilled and knowledgeable in a variety of areas as a diabetologist. When it comes to the treatment of hepatobiliary illnesses and disorders of the gastrointestinal system, such as cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, severe liver disorders, recurrent liver disorders, ulcerative colitis, etc, he is well-known for his extensive experience as well as his excellent reputation. ;

He also addresses myocardial disorders. Patients who come to him with skin disorders such as psoriasis and infections caused by microbial pathogens are among those he treats in his capacity as a dermatologist.

A bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (mbbs) degree from mumbai university was awarded to him in 2005, and he went on to earn a diploma in diabetology in 2011. Both of these degrees were from highly regarded educational institutions. ;

7. Dr. Alhat madhuri

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-alhat-madhuri-general-physician

Mbbs, md - medicine

General physician, pune

26 years experience 200 at clinic

She practises as a general physician and she is well known for her expertise in the medical profession. In addition, she has extensive knowledge and experience in a wide range of subspecialties. Patients who suffer from problems such as piles, fistula, and haemorrhoids are able to receive treatment from her because she is an expert in both perianal disorders and contagious infections.

In addition to that, she is a consultant in the field of internal medicine. She completed her undergraduate studies in mbbs and then went on to earn her md in medicine from miraj medical college in the year 2000. Both of these degrees are considered to be among the highest levels of clinical education available. As a member of the indian medical association, she is well recognised as an authority and regularly participates in continuing medical education (cme) events such as lectures and workshops (ima).

8. Dr. Wategaonkar ravikumar narayan

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-wategaonkar-ravikumar-narayan-general-physician ;

Mbbs, md - medicine, dm - paediatric oncology

General physician, pune

17 years of experience 500 at clinic

He is a well-respected medical professional who practises as a general practitioner. He earned his mbbs and md in medicine from the prestigious b. J. Medical college in pune in 2010, allowing him to practise medicine after completing his advanced clinical study at prestigious institutes. In 2014, he also graduated with a doctor of medicine degree in paediatric oncology from b. J. Medical college in ahmedabad. As a member of the indian society of medical and paediatric oncology, he is considered an authority in his field and regularly participates in continuing medical education (cme) events such as seminars and workshops (ismpo).

9. Dr. Ganesh p rajguru

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-ganesh-p-rajguru-general-physician 

Mbbs, diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases (dtcd), indian diploma in critical care course general physician, pune

17 years of experience 0 at clinic

He is known as a famed doctor working as a general practitioner. He works with sensitive patients who are suffering from heart conditions such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, and illnesses such as arteriosclerosis, among other cardiovascular concerns, because he is an experienced and accurate surgeon. Patients who suffer from seizures and migraine are the focus of his treatment. He is a highly qualified medical professional who works in treatment facilities as a pain management and obesity specialist. 

In this capacity, he provides medical care to patients who are afflicted with a range of conditions as a result of the decisions they have made regarding their way of life. In 2005, he graduated with a higher clinical education from the srtr medical college, and in 2010, he graduated from the medical college of pune. Both of these colleges are highly regarded. Additionally, in 2014, he graduated from the indian diploma in critical care course (idcc) offered by the aditya birla hospital in pune.

10 Dr. Abhinav mohindra

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-abhinav-mohindra-general-physician

 Mbbs dnb general medicine

4 years experience 150 at clinic 400 online

 

He has been a general practitioner in this industry for the past four years and has built a solid reputation for himself when he first opened his medical practice. He is an excellent general practitioner since he is able to treat a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, arthritis, hypertension, as well as fever and diarrhea. In addition to his expertise in internal medicine, he holds two degrees in the medical field: an undergraduate degree in the form of an mbbs from adesh institute of dental sciences research in 2018 and a postgraduate degree in the form of a dnb in general medicine from ruby hall clinic in pune in 2022. Both of these degrees were earned in the difference of four years.

 



 

 

Dr. K. K. Reddy
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-k-k-reddy-pulmonologist
Mbbs diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases dtcd
27 years experience - 350 at clinic

He has significant medical knowledge in pulmonology and is well recognised as a leading medical expert. A name like his would be hard to forget. Professionalism was refined during his 1995 graduation from the mbbs at osmania medical college in hyderabad, from which he received high honours.
A large number of patients with the utmost care and precision at several prestigious facilities, including as a consultant at st. Theresa hospital in erragadda, and also at anupama hospital and prasad hospital. He is well-known within the medical community in kukatpally, where he often gives talks at cme events for doctors.

Dr. K prasanna kumar reddy
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-k-prasanna-kumar-reddy-pulmonologist

Fccp usa dnb diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases dtcd
14 years experience - 400 at clinic


Doctor reddy is eagerly trained as a chest physician, pulmonologist, and somnologist to acquire clinical experience in the field of pulmonology. His efforts resulted in distinguished degrees from the fccp. He knows everything there is to know about this subject matter. ;
The national board of new delhi awarded him a diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases (dtcd) in 2008 from guntur medical college in guntur, india. He is a well-respected member of the european respiratory society, the american college of chest physicians, and the indian chest society and has spoken at several postgraduate medical workshops and seminars.
Dr. Chandra mohan
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-chandra-mohan-pulmonologist-1

Mbbs dtcd
16 years experience - 300 online

He is a renowned physician who possesses clinical expertise in the field of pulmonary medicine, having precise and absolute knowledge of working in the field as a pulmonologist and an asthma specialist, also working as a chest physician and an allergist, treating needy patients.
He is also an hiv specialist, treating patients as a sleep specialist. He earned his expertise in prestigious degrees such as mbbs and dtcd of osmania medical college in 2006. As a registrar at mahavir hospital, he provides treatment to a number of patients at a variety of well-known institutions using the highest level of caution and accuracy. He has worked as a consultant at the yashoda hospital in secunderabad, at the oxygen hospital, at the kamala hospital, and also at the ikon hospital in dilsukhnagar.
Dr. Rikin hasnani
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-rikin-hasnani-pulmonologist
Md mbbs
12 years experience - 350 at clinic - 700 online

Dr. Hasnani's clinical experience in the field of pulmonary medicine was achieved via the completion of a prominent degree of doctor of medicine and a doctor of surgery. He is known as a distinguished physician. In 2010, he worked at the chalmeda anand rao institute of medical sciences, and in 2017, he had treatment training at svs medical college and hospital. ;
He is a renowned physician with clinical expertise in the field. He has done his postgraduate from svs medical college and hospital, worked as a resident at nova super speciality hospital, as a hospital resident at care nampally, registrar at olive hospital, senior resident at gandhi hospital, and consultant at udai omni hospital. He has treated many of his patients with the utmost care and precision at various reputed institutions.

Dr. Pradeep simha karur
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-pradeep-simha-karur-pulmonologist
Mbbs mrcp uk cct respiratory medicine
17 years experience - 500 at clinic - 500 online

He has extensive experience as a pulmonologist general physician and holds significant degrees in the area from bangalore medical college and research institute bangalore, where he studied medicine. He is a well-respected physician with training in pulmonary medicine, having completed mrcp in 2010 and the cct- respiratory medicine in 2013, both from the royal college of physicians of the united kingdom.
He has served as a clinical research fellow at university hospital of south manchester, a pulmonologist at the Dr. Pradeep simcha chest clinic, and a pulmonologist at the redhead lyfe, as well as a consultant pulmonologist at sheffield teaching hospital. He was also a participant and presenter at several cme workshops and seminars associated with the british thoracic society, the european thoracic society, and the respiratory society.


Dr. Methuku narendar
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-methuku-narendar-pulmonologist

Md - pulmonary medicine, mbbs
31 years experience - 400 at clinic

Doctor narendra is a renowned respiratory expert and an intellectual of pulmonary medicine before and during his time as a chest physician and as a professional pulmonologist. He received the md in pulmonary medicine and the mbbs from osmania medical college in hyderabad, making him a well-known physician with clinical skill in the field of pulmonary medicine. ;
He treats respiratory disorders including asthma, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, coronary obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. He is a prominent member of the european respiratory society (ers), indian chest society (ics), american thoracic society (ats), nccp (american college of chest physicians), and european society of bronchology and interventional pulmonology (esbip), he attended numerous continuing medical education (cme) workshops and seminars.
Dr. Radhika sharma
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-radhika-sharma-pulmonologist

Md - tuberculosis respiratory diseases pulmonary medicine
Mbbs 12 years experience - 500 at clinic - 500 online

He is well recognised as a skilled physician and pioneering pulmonologist. He is a doctor who specialises in infectious illnesses and has to have a sharp mind and good recall. Asthma, various allergic respiratory disorders, bronchitis, emphysema, copd, and lung cancer are his areas of expertise as well as a paediatric pulmonologist. He attended the highly acclaimed nanjing medical university for his mbbs in 2010. He earned his md in 2017 from chettinad medical college in tamilnadu, india.

Dr. Raju ch
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-raju-ch-pulmonologist

Mbbs md pulmonary medicine
16 years experience - 400 at clinic

In the medical community, he is well regarded for his knowledge and experience in pulmonary medicine. He graduated with an mbbs from svs medical college in 2006 and an md in pulmonary medicine from mamata medical college of khammam in 2012, establishing him as a specialist with unrivalled knowledge in his area as a chest physician and paediatric pulmonologist. As a member and frequent speaker at fcc and cme workshops and seminars, he is well-known in the indian medical community and among the nccp.

Dr. Arun kanala
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-arun-kanala-pulmonologist

Fellowship in minimal access surgery mch cardio thoracic vascular surgery
14 years experience - 600 at clinic

He is well-respected in the medical community for his expertise as a pulmonologist. Accuracy and precision are necessities in the field of surgical oncology. Asthma and bronchitis are among the examples of the respiratory illnesses he treats. ;
He holds a fellowship in minimally invasive surgery from osmania medical college in hyderabad (2010), an mch in cardiothoracic vascular surgery from harvard medical school in the united states (2008), and a fellowship in minimally invasive surgery from the same institution in 2012.
He has treated many patients with the utmost care and precision throughout his time as a clinical fellow at brigham women's hospital in boston and a consultant at government chest hospital. A prominent member of the association of thoracic surgeons of the united states. He has also attended various continuing medical education workshops and seminars.


Dr. Sandeep raj bharma
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-sandeep-raj-bharma-pulmonologist ;

Fellowship in pulmonary medicine, fellowship in sleep medicine, md
13 years experience 500 - 700 at clinic 700 online

As an asthma expert and paediatric pulmonologist, he has treated children suffering from a variety of diseases. He has also held positions as a pulmonologist and sleep expert. He is a chest specialist. In 2012, he got his fellowship in pulmonary medicine from christian medical college and hospitals, vellore, where he excelled academically. In 2010, he earned a fellowship in sleep medicine from johns hopkins university. In 2009, he earned his medical degree from kamineni institute of medical sciences, narketpally.
He has served as a consultant at hospitals in kamineni. He was awarded a global fellowship in sleep medicine. He plays a significant role in the american college of chest physicians.

Tuberculosis can be categorized as an infectious disease which can turn out to be very dangerous if not checked or taken care of properly in time. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease which spreads through a bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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This disease is generally developed and observed in people who are undernourished and do not have a balanced diet. Now, there is a substance to combat tuberculosis as found by researchers which is named as lactone ez120, this interferes with the formation of bacteria's mycomembrane.

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The substance which the researchers have found is seen to have an action which inhibits biosynthesis of the mycomembrane and oftenly kills it with immediate effect.



Few symptoms could be seen if a person has been infected with tuberculosis such as loss of weight, weakness and shortness of breath. ;



So, there are certain foods whose consumption could turn out to be very beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis. And if a person has an intake of these healthy foods then this is surely going to help him dealing with the disease.

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Few foods which have proved helpful for a good recovery from tuberculosis:





High calories intake: food rich in calories means food which has so many nutrients. This nutrient rich food could be seen meeting up the rising metabolic demands of the patient. This food is surely going to prevent the patient from having any further weight loss. Some food products such as banana, cereal porridge, peanut chikki, wheat and ragi prove so helpful and beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis.


Food rich in vitamin a, c and e: some food and vegetable products such as orange, mango, sweet pumpkin and carrots, guava, amla, tomato, nuts and seeds could be seen as an excellent source of vitamin a, c and e. These are the must-have food products which are to be included in a patient's diet who is suffering from tuberculosis.


Protein rich food: appetite loss is a serious problem faced by a tuberculosis patient. So, it is necessary for the patient that they have food products introduced in their diet which are very rich in protein content. There are food products which are very rich in protein content such as eggs, paneer and soya chunks belong to this category. These food products are known to provide the required amount of energy to the patient with absorption of it by the body of the patient. One thing should be kept in mind that these protein rich products should be easily digested by the patient without putting much stress to the patient's food pipe.


Food rich in b complex vitamin: seeds, nuts, fish, chicken, grains and cereals are some products which are known to have very high content of vitamin b complexes. These food products are known to be taken in a moderate amount by the patient suffering from tuberculosis. This is done to prevent any kind of adverse effect of vitamin b complex overtake.


Food rich in zinc: nuts and seeds are known to be a great source of zinc which provides our body with the essential nutrients that it requires. Nuts and seeds like sunflower seeds, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds and flaxseeds have proven to be very beneficial for a patient having tuberculosis. If these certain food products are introduced and included in a patient's daily diet program he will surely be able to fight disease in a much more effective manner. ;


Water: water should be drunk in excessive quantities by the patient. The patient should have water and ors type of liquids to drink (spoonful of honey with warm water and fresh lemon juice). This ors type of drink will surely prove to be very helpful because it has citrus fruits like lemon, oranges, etc involved which are known greatly for their effect of increasing immunity of a person. This increase in immunity means faster recovery for a patient.


Seasonal vegetables and fruits: these food products can be given to the patient because they will easily make the patient feel full as they are too filling. But some precautions are to be taken like these vegetables and fruits should not be given to the patient in place of essential food products which are important for proteins, carbs and healthy fats. These vegetables and fruits should be taken in adequate amounts because they are rich in so much fiber and the patient is restful which can prove to have an adverse effect like bloating up.


Simple carbs and fats: the patient's diet should have coarse grains, potatoes, oats and boiled rice which are in the category of simple carbs whereas maida or refined flour, pizza, burgers, and every other processed and packaged food should be avoided because they fall in the category of bad carbs. Fats (all of them) are considered to be a bad effect for the liver. But healthy fats like a spoon of pure ghee or butter, various nuts (soaked and peeled almonds, peanuts, walnuts, cashews, dry roasted chana) are arranged in minimal quantities. Carbohydrates are to be taken in the same amount as proteins. ;


Soups or boiled foods: for non vegetarians they can have chicken soup without any cream. For vegetarians they can have various boiled food products such as chickpea. And they can also use the clear liquid in which the chickpea was soaked as a soup after boiling it.


Milk: milk has a lot of proteins which can help the patient go through the full day's activities. If the milk is given to the patient in the form of a milk shake (not thick, to avoid stress to the food pipe) by adding a variety of fruits such as mango, banana, berries of different kinds (strawberry, blueberry etc). This shake will help the patient to have carbohydrate along with protein in his diet which will be a good energy booster and thus, increase the metabolism for the patient.



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Tuberculosis is known to have a very great effect on the life of the infected person. A healthy and a balanced diet enhances and ensures quick recovery for the patient and quality of life. After a patient has recovered from tuberculosis this will improve your productivity in life (post recovery).

Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for curing cancer. The procedure includes administering anti-cancer drugs that attack the cancer cells and kill them. This prevents the cancer cells from growing further. As a part of chemotherapy, the person may also undergo radiation therapy and surgery.

But along with destroying the cancer cells, chemotherapy also kills your appetite. You may suffer from nausea, vomiting, sore throat and diarrhoea. As maintaining your diet is crucial for the success of your chemotherapy, you need to stay fit.

Diet before undergoing chemotherapy

On the day of your chemotherapy, it is recommended that you eat light. Eat in small quantities but avoid skipping any meals. You must not consume any greasy, spicy or fatty foods. You can eat the following foods

Cottage cheese and fresh fruits

Milk with cereals

Plain yoghurt

Egg poach and toast

Chicken rice soup

Salty snacks such as crackers

Apart from these foods, you can consume grape and apple juices that are not acidic. Fruits such as bananas and liquid yoghurt are good. Carry a water bottle with you. During the process, you may be given juices and supplements. You may not feel like eating but eating in small amounts will give your energy.

You might drink liquids in small amounts every hour.

What to eat after chemotherapy

You can follow this diet after chemotherapy

Eat bland and low-fat foods

Instead of 2 or 3 large meals, eat 5 or 6 smaller meals every day

Drink plenty of water throughout the day. This will help you prevent dehydration and remove the unwanted by-products of created in the body due to chemotherapy

Other healthy fluids include fruit nectars, apple or grape juice, black tea, clear soups, gelatine, herbal teas and Gatorade

Take the anti-nausea medication as prescribed by the doctors

Steps to maintain your diet

As chemotherapy makes your stomach turn, you have to take steps to increase your appetite.

Don t skip the calories

Chemotherapy treatment will require you to eat more calories to regain your strength. So your diet must include cheese, milk, meat and eggs. You can also take liquids that are high in calories, such as milkshakes.

Eat well-cooked and heated foods

Aim to eat thoroughly cooked foods that are also well heated. This is because cooking properly and heating the food well kills all the bacteria in it. This can prevent bowel infections too.

Chemotherapy reduces your body s defence against infections and germs. Therefore, it is better to avoid fast food that may not be properly cooked and are difficult to digest.

Maintain cleanliness

To prevent any kind of infections, always wash your hands before eating your meals. Make sure the utensils used for cooking are clean also. It is recommended to keep the food covered or refrigerated and not lying in the open.

Always try to eat fresh fruits and vegetables during chemotherapy. It is best to talk to your doctor about the diet you should follow to stay fit and healthy.

Blood donation is a noble cause. We should all make it a point to donate blood at least once a year. This small action on our part can save many lives. People who have been in an accident and lost a lot of blood, people diagnosed with liver disorders, acute anaemia, blood infection, women giving birth and all surgeries need blood transfusion. And that is why there is a World Blood Donor Day (14th June 2020) which is meant to spread awareness on the importance of donating blood and how it can be done safely without the risk of spreading infection.

Let us take a look at some interesting facts regarding blood donation and Blood Donors Day

The campaign for the World Blood Donor Day is managed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

WHO considers safe blood donation and sufficient blood supply to be the foundation of the healthcare service and with that goal, it launched the World Blood Donor Day.

World Blood Donor Day commemorates the birth anniversary of the scientist Karl Landsteiner, who made the groundbreaking discovery of blood groups and for which he won the Nobel Prize in physiology.

The first-ever World Blood Donor Day was organised in 2004.

The World Blood Donor Day also celebrates the voluntary act of uncountable people who out of the goodness of their hearts donate blood in service of humanity and to save lives.

An adult human can donate half a litre of blood (1 unit) once every three months. And depending on how much blood the recipients need, one unit can come to the aid of up to 3 people.

What makes the World Blood Donor Day a very important event in the WHO calendar is that blood cannot be manufactured with technology. It has to come from humans to save other humans. And this day is utilized by WHO to appeal to us to do our duty towards our fellow humans.

It is vital for every medical care facility to have access to a steady blood supply, many forms of illnesses such as cancers require blood transfusion before treatment can start or continue. That is why blood needs to be donated all throughout the year.

Women who are menstruation or are pregnant cannot donate blood because the loss of even 1 unit of blood can have a detrimental effect on their bodies.

Throughout the world, blood donation banks allow people of the age group 18-65 to donate blood. This directive was issued by the WHO.

The person who wants to donate blood must weigh at least 50 kilos.

Certain common illnesses may bar you from donating blood such as cough and cold, sore throat, an infection, tummy bug etc.

This World Blood Donor Day, pledge to donate blood. Visit your nearest blood donation camp and get yourself registered.

Not only capable of causing respiratory illness,
Covid-19 might also wreak havoc with other organ systems, including the urogenital systems.

More attention should be paid to chronic urological histories of inpatients with covid-19. It has been suggested that covid-19 is more likely to infect older adults with serious comorbid conditions, including chronic renal disease and urological malignancies and weaker immune system.

For example, uremic patients are particularly susceptible to sars-cov-2 infection and may exhibit greater variations in infectious and clinical symptoms.

Therefore, we suggest that clinicians assess all un- derlying urological diseases of patients while treating covid-19, especially older individuals with serious comorbid conditions.

Conclusion, various urogenital illnesses can be induced by virus, and may exacerbate and even cause life-threatening conditions without careful surveillance.
Conversely, individuals with chronic urinary diseases may have increased susceptibility to covid-19 and such underlying comorbidities may result in a poor prognosis without more health care.
Issued in public interest.

Wash your fruits & vegetables in salt -turmeric mixed water before using.

Wash your vegetables & fruits thoroughly in water. Dissolve a pinch of turmeric & 1tsp salt in warm water, soak vegetables & fruits in it for 10 minutes before using. It helps to remove infections & contaminants.

HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are two life-threatening and common diseases in the world. The two diseases are very closely connected so much so that their occurrence is normally labelled as a co-epidemic. In most cases tuberculosis is found to be the most transmissible contagion in HIV-Immunocompromised victims, proving to be the cause of their death.

What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, more commonly known by its abbreviation HIV, is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against illnesses. The virus terminates a kind of white blood cells (WBCs) in the immune system known as the T-helper cell also known as CD4 cells. This virus then proceeds to duplicate itself within these cells.

As HIV reduces the T-helper cells, by duplicating at an increasing rate, it slowly breaks down the patient s immune system. This leaves the individual susceptible to other deadly diseases such as tuberculosis. HIV infection is a permanent disease with three phases of progression. HIV medications can reduce or stop the evolution of the disease from one phase to another. The treatment can also decrease the chances of spreading HIV to other people.

What is tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis is a transmittable disease triggered by the presence of bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is still considered a deadly disease in most developing countries where treatment is scarce. Generally, TB affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms include coughing with blood, fever, night sweats and loss of weight.

The relation between TB and HIV
In second world countries, most patients infected with HIV suffer from TB as the initial indicator of AIDS. Tuberculosis can occur at any phase of the HIV infection. The danger and severity of tuberculosis rises rapidly after infection with HIV. Even though tuberculosis can be a fairly primary indicator of HIV infection, it is imperative to observe that the risk of tuberculosis increases as the CD4 cell count reduces along with the progression of the HIV infection.

Treatment
Positive treatment for TB usually entails 6 months of rigorous therapy. HIV patients with TB usually respond well to this therapy, if the regimen comprises INH and a rifamycin for the period of TB therapy and cure. TB generally reappears when the immune system is unable to respond to stop the development of mycobacteria. The cytokine IFN- plays a key role in the response of the immune system all through the contagion.
HIV and TB infections area two-directional communication of the two pathogens. TB is one of the main causes of disease and fatality among patients with HIV in Africa and other severely affected regions. With almost a 50% kill rate around the world, raising awareness about this disease and consulting doctors when signs or symptoms appear is vital in reducing the extent of this epidemic.

Rifampicin- HIV treatment are complicated by the fact that one of the key drugs used in TB treatment, rifampicin, reduces blood levels of nevirapine (Viramune) by 30 to 55% and also reduces levels of most protease inhibitors.