Alkaline Phosphatase Test

An alkaline phosphatase level test estimates the quantity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in someone’s blood. This is performed to determine the functioning of liver and gallbladder. Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme, found in blood and helps the protein breakdown. It is mainly originated in the liver, but bones, intestines, kidneys as well as pancreas also act as the source. ALP or alkaline phosphatase is generated in the placenta in case of pregnant females. The normal range of ALP in serum is 20-140IU/L, although it varies. In case of children, this normal range becomes higher, and for older people, this range decreases. Abnormal serum ALP indicates liver and gallbladder problems, and also bone-related issues. However, kidney tumor, malnutrition, intestinal or pancreatic ailment and serious infections are also indicated by abnormal alkaline phosphatase level in the bloodstream.

The test needs to draw a blood sample from the arm. Generally, this is combined with some other kidney or liver tests. The eating may interfere with the result, so the patient may have to fast for 12 hours before the test. Medications can also alter the ALP levels. Henceforth, it’s important for the patient to tell the doctor about regular or current medications.

The alkaline phosphatase test is performed to determine the functioning of liver and gallbladder and also to detect the bone-problems. Estimating ALP amount in the bloodstream is often done when the doctor observes symptoms of jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
1. Hepatitis (liver inflammation due to infectious as well as noninfectious reason), cirrhosis(scarring of liver), cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation), blockage of bile ducts (due to stone, infection, or cancer) can be diagnosed (higher levels of ALP) at an early stage with the help of the ALP test. Estimating the ALP level is another way to detect the intensity of the liver damage, caused by certain medicines (e.g. Acetaminophen).
2. Bone problems like Rickets, osteomalacia, Paget’s disease, bone-tumor, and even Vitamin D deficiency can be diagnosed through ALP test (higher levels).
3. A lower level of ALP is uncommon, however, can indicate malnutrition because of vitamin & mineral deficiency or celiac disease.

The skin on the front side of the elbow is cleaned by the healthcare professional. An elastic band is wrapped around the upper arm to stop the blood flow in the vein. In this condition, the vein becomes more visible. Then a disposable syringe or needle is inserted into the vein. A small tube is attached to the needle for blood collection. The needle may cause a stinging sensation to the patient for a while. After the blood sample collection, an antiseptic gauze pad or cotton ball is placed on the area of the puncture.