Anti Cyclic Citrulinated Peptide Test

The anti-cyclic citrullinated antibody test depicts a blood test to detect anti-CCP antibodies in the bloodstream. Anti-CCP test is prescribed to find rheumatoid arthritis as well as to diagnose the type of arthritis including the prognosis. The Anti-CCP antibodies are auto-antibodies which are produced by the patient's own immune system in response to perceived foreign threats from citrulline. In case of rheumatoid arthritis, arginine is converted into citrulline to initiate an inflammatory process in joints. Citrullinated peptides or proteins are not normally found in the body so the immune system starts attacking them. The problem arises when citrullinated peptides exist in the joints and thus become involved in immune response. Generally, the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include stiff joints which make it tough to walk or even hold any object during the morning or when the body has rested for some time. Additionally, joint pains, fatigue and low-grade fever are also observed.

Anti-CCP test can be taken without any doctor's prescription. If someone is suspecting rheumatoid arthritis by looking at the symptoms, this test can be performed. The fasting is not required, although informing the doctor and healthcare professional about one's own medical history is important.

The Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide test helps to diagnose and distinguish RA or rheumatoid arthritis from other inflammatory arthritis. When patients are positive for both Anti CCP antibody and rheumatoid factor (RF), they are very likely to have rheumatoid arthritis. It also may indicate that they may develop a rapid and severe form of the disease. When patients with clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis provide positive Anti-CCP but negative RA, or low levels of both the proteins, this indicates the early onset of RA (pre-RA phase). Negative anti-CCP and positive RF indicates the importance of symptoms to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis or any other inflammatory situation. According to American College of Rheumatology, CCP antibodies may be found in 50-60% patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, almost 3-6 months after the onset of signs. Early diagnosis and prognosis allow initiating aggressive treatment to reduce complications and tissue damage.

A blood sample is collected from an arm vein by venipuncture process. After wrapping the upper arm with an elastic band, the veins become clearer with blood. A disposable syringe is inserted into an arm vein after cleaning the area. The blood is drawn to a red top tube and a gauze pad is placed over the puncture site. A minor stinging sensation may be felt for some time.