Regular medical checkups and tests can be very helpful in prevention of cancer and growth of malignant cells or tumours. With the increase in the rates of cervical cancer, gynaecological checkups are of utmost need. For effective cervical cancer prevention, Pap smear bears the maximum number of success rates.
Pap smear is a medical procedure that helps to detect cancer or signs of other cervical infections. The Pap smear test however cannot detect ovarian cell cancer or uterine cancer. It is known to detect changes only in the vaginal cells and cervical dysplasia. Cervical dysplasia refers to the growth of pre-cancerous cells.
How this test is conducted?
1. Pap smear is conducted when the woman is not menstruating.
2. An instrument called speculum is inserted into one’s vagina to be able to access the cervix more easily.
3. Pap smear involves the collection of sample cells from the outer cervix area.
4. Cervical brush is inserted into the speculum and the sample cells are collected.
5. Then, the samples are put on a glass slide for further evaluation.
6. The Pap smear procedure takes only a few minutes bu,t can prevent serious medical problems in the long run.
7. The Pap smear is not a painful procedure, though it may be slightly uncomfortable for a few minutes only.
Who can undergo Pap smear?
1. Women can undergo Pap smear procedures once they are of 21 years of age and are generally sexually active
2. Women can go for pap smears up to the age of 70
3. Pap smears should be conducted preferably every two or three years
4. Women aged 65 and above and who have had no abnormalities in the last three consecutive tests, may stop taking pap smears
5. Before undergoing the test, it is important to stop douching and using vaginal creams for at least 2 days.
6. If there has been a case of multiple and frequent change of sexual partners, then you must go for Pap smear frequently
7. Women with weak immune system and who bear the risk of HIV Aids
8. Women who are heavy smokers
A cervical smear test is often known as a Pap test and is done to establish the changes that might have occurred in cells of the cervix. A small sample of cells is taken from the surface of the cervix and is tested for any abnormalities. The sample is spread on a slide or in some cases mixed with a liquid fixative and studied under a microscope. It is one of the most popular methods to test the abnormalities in your cells and can pinpoint point cervical cancers.
The procedure of typical Pap smear:
The test is mostly recommended when you do not have the periods as the blood can interfere with the results. Also, before taking the test discuss with your doctor about the medications you are taking and in case you are under any birth control pills. No other special preparations are needed for the Pap test. Feel free to discuss with your doctor about the impact the test will have on you or on the painlevels, etc.The test is done by inserting a speculum into the vagina, which spreads it further. Later, a swab is inserted to get the samples of cells from your cervix. The cells from the vagina are also collected in some cases and tested accordingly.
The risks involved:
There no chances of risks when you go for such tests. You might feel a bit of pressure in your vaginal region and may experience a small bleeding after the testing. However, this is extremely normal. Also, there is no pain involved. If you experience heavy period and blood loss, you might experience minor discomfort when the test is being done.
The final result:
Once the test is done, the results would be available usually within a week. The results can be categorized into normal and abnormal. If your cells are normal and no abnormality is found then the condition is termed as a normal result. In the case of abnormality in the cell structure, then it requires further evaluation and diagnosis to rule out cancer.
Regular medical checkups and tests can be very helpful in prevention of cancer and growth of malignant cells or tumours. With the increase in the rates of cervical cancer, gynaecological checkups are of utmost need. For effective cervical cancer prevention, Pap smear bears the maximum number of success rates.
Pap smear is a medical procedure that helps to detect cancer or signs of other cervical infections. The Pap smear test however cannot detect ovarian cell cancer or uterine cancer. It is known to detect changes only in the vaginal cells and cervical dysplasia. Cervical dysplasia refers to the growth of pre-cancerous cells.
How this test is conducted?
1. Pap smear is conducted when the woman is not menstruating.
2. An instrument called speculum is inserted into one’s vagina to be able to access the cervix more easily.
3. Pap smear involves the collection of sample cells from the outer cervix area.
4. Cervical brush is inserted into the speculum and the sample cells are collected.
5. Then, the samples are put on a glass slide for further evaluation.
6. The Pap smear procedure takes only a few minutes bu can prevent serious medical problems in the long run.
Who can undergo Pap smear?
1. Women can undergo Pap smear procedures once they are of 21 years of age and are generally sexually active
2. Women can go for pap smears up to the age of 70
3. Pap smears should be conducted preferably every two or three years
4. Women aged 65 and above and who have had no abnormalities in the last three consecutive tests, may stop taking pap smears
5. Before undergoing the test, it is important to stop douching and using vaginal creams for at least 2 days.
6. If there has been a case of multiple and frequent change of sexual partners, then you must go for Pap smear frequently
7. Women with weak immune system and who bear the risk of HIV Aids
8. Women who are heavy smokers
Exams are really tough times for most students irrespective of the level of their preparation. It is natural to get anxious before and during the exam time. Anxiety is a natural state in which people are either uneasy or fearful, depending on the situation that is making them anxious.
Generally, students suffer from anxiety and fear when exam time approaches:
Students usually suffer from generic anxiety disorders before and during the exam. An apt amount of anxiety leads to great results as it makes the person serious about his or her goals and focus on the same.
Symptoms:
Anxiety is something that everyone suffers from at one or the other point in their life. The levels of suffering can be different from person to person. The major symptoms of anxiety are listed below:
Solution:
Homoeopathy provides amazing treatment in the form of drugs for anxiety and phobia. There are multiple drugs in Homoeopathy for treating anxiety, some of which are listed below. Students can go for any of them and get rid of the exam fear so that they can perform well in their exams:
When cells divide abnormally and uncontrollably, they can form a mass or lump of tissue. This lump is called a tumor. Bone tumors form in your bones. As the tumor grows, abnormal tissue can displace healthy tissue.
Some tumors are benign, meaning they aren’t cancerous. While benign bone tumors won’t spread to other parts of the body and are unlikely to be fatal, they can still be dangerous and may require treatment. Benign tumors can grow and could compress your healthy bone tissue. Other tumors are malignant, meaning they’re cancerous. Malignant bone tumors can cause cancer to spread throughout the body.
Causes of bone tumor:
The cause of bone tumors is unknown. They often occur in areas of the bone that grow rapidly. Possible causes include:
Symptoms of bone tumor:
Symptoms of bone tumor may include any of the following:
Diagnosing a bone tumor:
There are some common conditions like fractures, infections and other conditions that may resemble tumors. But, to be sure some physical examination to be performed which will check the tenderness in the bone and also the range of motion. Blood or Urine test may be performed to detect different proteins that may indicate the presence of tumor. Doctor may go with X-rays and depending on the X-ray results other imaging tests might be necessary i.e. CT scan, MRI PET scan. In some cases biopsy is also performed. In this test. a sample of the tissue that makes up the tumor is removed.
Treating bone tumor:
Bone cancer is generally treated with Surgery in which the entire tumor is removed. The surgeon carefully examines the margins of your tumor to make sure no cancer cells are left. Surgical techniques have improved greatly. Other ways to treat is radiation therapy which is used in conjunction with surgery. Still if the doctor feels that cancer cells are likely to spread or already spread then Chemotherapy is recommended.
We have more than 200 bones in our body and each of them is susceptible to bone cancer. However, long bones in the arms and legs are most susceptible to this condition. Bone cancer can be primary or secondary. Primary bone cancer involves uncontrolled and abnormal cell division within the bones while secondary bone cancer refers to cancer that originated somewhere else in the body and later spread to the bones. While children and adults are equally at risk for primary bone cancer, adults and elderly people are more susceptible to secondary bone cancer. If diagnosed early enough, bone cancer can be treated and even cured with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation.
Hence it is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of bone cancer. Here’s what you should look out for.
Other symptoms to look out for are sudden and drastic weight loss, tiredness, excessive sweating at night, fever and difficulty breathing in case cancer has spread to other organs. Since many of these symptoms are common to other medical disorders, you should conduct a doctor immediately if you notice any of them. A physical examination and a couple of tests along with a biopsy will be required to confirm a diagnosis of bone cancer.
We have more than 200 bones in our body and each of them is susceptible to bone cancer. However, long bones in the arms and legs are most susceptible to this condition. Bone cancer can be primary or secondary. Primary bone cancer involves uncontrolled and abnormal cell division within the bones while secondary bone cancer refers to cancer that originated somewhere else in the body and later spread to the bones. While children and adults are equally at risk for primary bone cancer, adults and elderly people are more susceptible to secondary bone cancer. If diagnosed early enough, bone cancer can be treated and even cured with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation.
Hence it is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of bone cancer. Here’s what you should look out for.
Other symptoms to look out for are sudden and drastic weight loss, tiredness, excessive sweating at night, fever and difficulty breathing in case cancer has spread to other organs. Since many of these symptoms are common to other medical disorders, you should conduct a doctor immediately if you notice any of them. A physical examination and a couple of tests along with a biopsy will be required to confirm a diagnosis of bone cancer.
A woman’s health is not only centered around menstrual problems or obstetric conditions; good bone health also plays a significant role in the current fast-paced lifestyle. Being fit is more crucial than ever! A woman's body goes through many changes affecting her bone health, and she needs to be aware of these changes and their effect on the bone structure, for example, during pregnancy and menopause. However, there are other factors as well that can affect bone health and women should not ignore.
There is a significant transfer of calcium from mother to the foetus and infants during pregnancy and lactation. As far as the symptoms are concerned, body ache and backache are common. Women should not ignore the pain causing a restriction in the movements and leg and finger cramps. Repetitive cramps indicate that the calcium levels are low and especially when you suffer from pain in the ribs or shin bone, you must visit the doctor. The bone mineral density falls and rises between 3% and 10% through this period. Homeopathic medicines like Calcarea Phos, Calcarea Carb and Calcarea Flour can help reduce these symptoms, and the exact dosage and combination depends on the individual case. Along with medicines, regular walking and consuming calcium-rich foods, for example, milk and milk-products, curry leaves and Amaranth grain (Rajgira) are advised.
A 30-year-old pregnant woman came to my clinic. I set up a diet plan and exercise regime along with other supplements. In the eight, month, she complained of leg cramps. She had discontinued the calcium supplements. I told her about the importance of vitamin D and calcium during pregnancy and prescribed medicines. Her pain was reduced in the follow up three weeks later.
Lactating mothers lose more calcium than through the pregnancy, to the tune of 280-400 mg daily. Therefore, mothers must keep track of their diet and exercise regularly. Body ache makes it difficult for women to perform daily activities. Not lactating is not the solution; a mother must continue lactating to provide sufficient amounts of calcium to the baby. Mother’s body recovers within 6 months after she stops lactating. However, if issues persist, homeopathy has some effective medicines.
A 35-year-old mother to an 18-month-old baby complained severe body ache for almost a year along with bilateral wrist pain. She thought of discontinuing to breastfeed the baby. After examining her, I prescribed medicines and a diet plan and advised her to continue breastfeeding the child. After the fourth week follow up her complaints reduced drastically, and after three months she was symptom-free.
The two age groups in menopause are peri-menopausal and menopausal. Women in the peri-menopausal age group generally complain of aggravated arm pain, especially during the night, and the slightest touch aggravates the pain. They may also suffer from spondylitis and osteoarthritis. Whereas the 65-years-and-above age group may present with fractures, primarily of the wrist bone, vertebral compression fracture, for example. Even after the surgical treatment of the fracture, the patient must be treated for osteoporosis to address the risk of developing further fractures. Homeopathic medicines like Lachesis, Zincum Met, ZIncum Phos are useful in cases of bone loss or osteoporosis due to lack of oestrogen. Symphytum is also a helpful remedy in case of fractures.
A 62-year-old lady complained of pain in her arms and dorsum of her foot on the slightest of touch. Her Bone density test (BMD) showed a T-score of -2.9 while her foot X-ray showed an old stress fracture. She started suffering from bone pain after her ovaries were removed but ignored it. I prescribed her homeopathic medicines for six weeks, and a follow up showed about 50% relief.
Osteoporosis is the condition of reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue with an increased risk of fractures. Low calcium intakes, lack of knowledge regarding bone health, vitamin D deficiency, early menopause contribute to osteoporosis. Other factors include age and genetics. Our body keeps on losing bones and creates new bones. At the age of 30, bone mass is the highest; after which age the loss is more than regeneration. One should be more careful if the weak bone trend runs in the family.
Here the symptoms do not show up until the disease has progressed. Mostly, the cases are of fragility fractures which can affect any bone; however, the most common sites are distal wrist (Colles fracture), vertebral fracture and femoral neck fracture.
A 42-year-old lady suffered from pain in her arms and shin bone for almost a year. These complaints started after the second child's birth. She started consuming vitamin D and calcium supplements, but her diet lacked the necessary calcium. Her BMD indicated osteoporosis; I prescribed medicines, a diet and a regular exercise regime. Within a year, the test results were better, and the patient was relieved of symptoms.
Osteopenia is a precursor to osteoporosis and is a less worrisome condition, though it has similar risk factors as those of osteoporosis. Medical intervention may not be necessary, but one should take care. Women suffering from osteopenia must check the probability of turning into osteoporosis.
A 37-year-old lady suffered from body aches and bone pain. Her BMD tests showed osteopenia. Her history of smoking since college days was also one of the causes. After a long-term, regular treatment her BMD reports are better.
One must follow a calcium-rich diet and exercise regularly. Women in the peri-menopausal stage must go for tests to check future osteoporosis and take precautions. Lack of vitamin D can lead to problems like osteomalacia and rickets. Non-smoking and losing excess weight will help maintain good bone health and resolve issues if any.
Nasal bone fracture (colloquially termed ‘the broken nose’) is a traumatic injury to one or more bones of the nose, which results in their fracture. The fracture, in turn, restricts several normal and important functions of the nose, such as breathing, smelling and protecting the air passage through secretion of the mucosa, as well as causing added discomfort in the form of bleeding, swelling and pain. Although it can be easily detected, if left untreated, the pain will not alleviate. Therefore, getting a quick diagnosis and necessary treatment is recommended.
Causes of nasal bone fracture:
This condition is caused by a variety of factors, like:
Symptoms of nasal bone fracture:
These are the symptoms by which you can identify whether or not you have a fractured nasal bone:
Diagnosis and treatment of nasal bone fracture:
Most of the fractures are invisible to naked eyes and are detected by physical examination and by X-rays. Generally, accompanying bleeding is also a good indicator of underlying bone fracture.
Fort treatment, very mild to mild injuries can be left untreated to heal on their own. During diagnosis, it is important to find out whether the fracture is limited to a single bone, in which case it is minor, or has spread to adjoining bones of the face or the nasal septum. In the latter case, surgery is required, which will also require some downtime to heal for you to come back to your daily routine.
In the period immediately following a nasal bone fracture, you are advised to not engage in very physically demanding sports or stay in such situations, which have the potential to cause you injury.
Nasal bone fracture is a condition caused by blunt physical trauma to the nose, which is both easily diagnosable and treatable. In case you are displaying the above symptoms, its best to check with your doctor once and get a diagnosis. That will save significant time and money later on, as, if ignored, this condition may cause complications like any other.
We have more than 200 bones in our body and each of them is susceptible to bone cancer. However, long bones in the arms and legs are most susceptible to this condition. Bone cancer can be primary or secondary. Primary bone cancer involves uncontrolled and abnormal cell division within the bones while secondary bone cancer refers to cancer that originated somewhere else in the body and later spread to the bones. While children and adults are equally at risk for primary bone cancer, adults and elderly people are more susceptible to secondary bone cancer. If diagnosed early enough, bone cancer can be treated and even cured with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation.
Hence it is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of bone cancer. Here’s what you should look out for.
Other symptoms to look out for are sudden and drastic weight loss, tiredness, excessive sweating at night, fever and difficulty breathing in case cancer has spread to other organs. Since many of these symptoms are common to other medical disorders, you should conduct a doctor immediately if you notice any of them. A physical examination and a couple of tests along with a biopsy will be required to confirm a diagnosis of bone cancer. Consult an Expert & get answers to your questions!
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