Cell Count and Cell Type - Pericardial Fluid Test

Pericardial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma that lies within the pericardial sac, acting as a lubricant between the visceral and parietal layer of the pericardium. It consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. The fluid is made up of a high concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein and lymphocytes.In a healthy adult, there is up to 50 ml of clear, straw-coloured fluid. Cell Count Cell Type test is performed on a sample of pericardial fluid to measure the level of Leukocytes and Neutrophils in the pericardial fluid and also to detect Pericardial Tumors and Pericarditis.

Cell count and cell type test of the pericardial fluid doesn’t require any particular preparation. It is important for the physician to enquire with the patient regarding their medical history and also ensure that the patient is not under any medication.It is important for the doctor to diagnose or obtain sufficient information from the patient that he/she are not suffering from any kind of medical conditions or allergies before undergoing the Cell Count and Cell Type test of the Pericardial Fluid. After carrying out the above analysis the doctor will give the patient with specific instructions based on the patient's condition.

Cytologic study of pericardial fluid helps identify malignancy as the cause of pericardial effusion by detecting neoplastic cells within the fluid. However, it is not always straightforward. Nonmalignant cells can be morphologically indistinguishable from malignant cells.The normal result for Cell Count Cell Type Microscopy Pericardial Fluid for Leukocytes is < 500/microlitre for Unisex gender and for All age groups. Neutrophils is < 250/microlitre for Unisex gender and for All age groups. This study will provide the doctor with appropriate information to analyse the patient’s condition and provide the patient with appropriate treatment.

Pericardial fluid is collected via pericardiocentesis or open surgical drainage. The fluid collected will remain stable for 7 days if it is refrigerated or kept in room temperature and for 28 days if it is frozen. There can be a possibility of cells degenerating during storage, In such situations pericardial fluid sample which will be used for cytopathology study should be sent to the laboratory as soon as possible in a fresh state or refrigerated at 2-8º C. Further the required tests should be carried out in laboratories to obtain accurate details pertaining to cell counts and Cell type of the Pericardial Fluid.