Culture and Sensitivity - Cervical Swab - Aerobic (Conventional) Tips

मानव शरीर में कई तरह की बीमारियां होने की संभावनाएं होती है। इनमें से कुछ तो इतनी खतरनाक होती हैं कि व्यक्ति की जान तक निकल जाती है। ऐसी ही एक घातक बीमारी है, कैंसर। वैसे तो यह कैंसर भी कई तरह के होते हैं और अलग अलग अंगों पर अपना प्रभाव डालते हैं। सर्वाइकल कैंसर भी ऐसा ही एक घातक कैंसर है, जो जानलेवा होता है। आज अपने इस लेख के माध्यम से हम आपको सर्वाइकल कैंसर से जुडी कई अहम जानकारी देंगे। सबसे पहले हम आपको बताते हैं कि यह सर्वाइकल कैंसर होता क्या है।

क्या होता है सर्वाइकल कैंसर
दरअसल, कैंसर का नाम हमेशा शरीर के उस हिस्से के नाम पर रखा जाता है जहां से यह शुरू होता है, भले ही यह बाद में शरीर के अन्य अंगों में फैल गया हो। जब कैंसर सर्विक्स में शुरू होता है तो उसे सर्वाइकल कैंसर कहते हैं। यह महिलाओं को होने वाला एक विशेष प्रकार का कैंसर है, जो पीड़ित महिलाओं की मौत का कारण बन सकता है। यह गर्भाशय के सबसे निचले हिस्से में एक घातक ट्यूमर के रूप में उभरता है। इस कैंसर की शुरुआत गर्भाशय के निचले हिस्से से होती है लेकिन यह गर्भाशय ग्रीवा (गर्भाशय का मुख) से संपर्क करता है। यह कोशिकाओं में असामान्य वृद्धि के कारण होता है, जो दूसरी कोशिकाओं को भी अपनी जद में ले लेता है। मानव पेपिलोमावायरस टीका (एचपीवी) की पहुंच की कमी के कारण ज्यादातर देशों में महिलाओं में मौत का एक आम कारण सर्वाइकल कैंसर ही है। यह कैंसर 30-45 वर्ष के बीच की महिलाओं को ज़्यादा होता है।

सर्वाइकल कैंसर होने के कारण
गर्भाशय ग्रीवा वाले किसी भी व्यक्ति को सर्वाइकल कैंसर का खतरा होता है। यह 30 वर्ष से अधिक आयु के लोगों में सबसे अधिक होता है। कुछ प्रकार के मानव पेपिलोमावायरस (एचपीवी) के साथ लंबे समय तक चलने वाला संक्रमण सर्वाइकल कैंसर का मुख्य कारण है। एचपीवी एक सामान्य वायरस है जो सेक्स के दौरान एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे व्यक्ति में फैलता है। यौन रूप से सक्रिय कम से कम आधे लोगों को अपने जीवन में कभी न कभी एचपीवी होगा, लेकिन इनमें से कुछ महिलाओं को सर्वाइकल कैंसर होगा।

सर्वाइकल कैंसर के लक्षण
वैसे तो शुरुआत में सर्वाइकल कैंसर के संकेत और लक्षण नहीं हो सकते हैं। लेकिन जब यह कैंसर उन्नत रूप ले लेता है तो इसके कारण योनि से रक्तस्राव या स्राव की समस्या देखने में मिल सकती है जो सामान्य नहीं है। इसके अलावा सर्वाइकल कैंसर के लक्षणों में दुर्गंधयुक्त योनि स्राव, संभोग के बाद रक्तस्राव, संभोग के दौरान दर्द, पेट के निचले हिस्से में दर्द, मीनोपॉज के बाद भी योनि से रक्तस्राव, असामान्य योनि से रक्तस्राव, थकान, भूख में कमी, वजन कम होना, पेल्विक में दर्द शामिल है।

सर्वाइकल कैंसर की जांच
स्क्रीनिंग का अर्थ है किसी बीमारी के लक्षण दिखने से पहले उसकी जांच करना। ऐसा ही एक स्क्रीनिंग टेस्ट है पैप्स स्मीयर। इस टेस्ट में जब पैप स्मीयर असामान्य नजर आता है तो तो सर्वाइकल कैंसर की जांच के लिए एचपीवी जांच की जाती है। इस जांच में अगर कैंसर का संदेह होता है तो डॉक्टर कोलपोस्कोपी जांच के साथ बायोप्सी कराने की सलाह देते हैं।

सर्वाइकल कैंसर से बचाव
वैसे तो सर्वाइकल कैंसर को रोकने का कोई गारंटीकृत तरीका नहीं है। हालांकि, कुछ तरीको को अपनाकर हम बहुत हद तक इस खतरनाक बीमारी के जोखिम को काम कर सकते हैं। ये तरीके निम्नलिखित हैं-

एचपीवी टीका
खुद को सर्वाइकल कैंसर की चपेट में आने से बचाने के लिए व्यक्ति को यदि संभव हो तो समय पर पेपिलोमावायरस (एचपीवी) टीका लगवा लेना चाहिए। इससे व्यक्ति सर्वाइकल कैंसर के जोखिम को काफी कम कर सकता है। इस टीके को लगाने का समय 9 वर्ष की आयु से ही शुरू हो जाता है। हालांकि डॉक्टर्स 11 से 12 वर्ष की आयु के लोगों के लिए एचपीवी टीकाकरण की सलाह देते हैं। अगर उनके पहले यह टीका नहीं लगा है तो 26 वर्ष तक की आयु के सभी लोग एचपीवी टीका लगवा सकते हैं। 26 वर्ष से अधिक उम्र के सभी लोगों के लिए एचपीवी टीकाकरण की सिफारिश नहीं की जाती है।

हालांकि, 27 से 45 वर्ष की आयु के कुछ वयस्क जिन्हें पहले से टीका नहीं लगाया गया है, नए एचपीवी संक्रमणों के जोखिम और टीकाकरण के संभावित लाभों के बारे में अपने डॉक्टर से बात करने के बाद एचपीवी टीका प्राप्त करने का निर्णय ले सकते हैं। चूंकि इस उम्र तक अधिकतर लोग एचवीपी के संपर्क में आ चुके होते हैं, इसलिए इस टीके का लाभ की संभावना कम हो जाती है। जो लोग 15 साल के पहले इस टीके का लाभ लेते हैं उन्हें टीके की दो खुराक दी जाती है, जबकि जो लोग 15 यह टीका लगवाते हैं उन्हें इस टीके की तीन खुराक लेनी पड़ती है।

नियमित स्क्रीनिंग टेस्ट
सर्वाइकल कैंसर से बचने के लिए व्यक्ति नियमित पैप परीक्षण कराना चाहिए। पैप टेस्ट को पैप स्मीयर टेस्ट भी कहा जाता है, जो प्रीकैंसर की तलाश करता है। इसके अलावा गर्भाशय ग्रीवा पर उन सेल परिवर्तन को भी तलाशता है, जिनका अगर समय पर सही इलाज न किया गया तो वे सर्वाइकल कैंसर का रूप ले सकते हैं। यह परिक्षण डॉक्टरों को किसी भी असामान्यता का पता लगाने में सक्षम बनाता है। 21 साल की उम्र पार कर लेने के बाद महिलाओं को हर तीन साल में कम से कम एक बार पैप टेस्ट करवाना चाहिए। एक बार जब आप 30 वर्ष के हो जाते हैं, तो डॉक्टर्स हर पांच साल में पैप स्मीयर की सलाह देते हैं।

इसके अलावा, संभोग के साथ किसी भी रक्तस्राव का मूल्यांकन स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञ द्वारा किया जाना चाहिए। इसके अलावा सर्वाइकल कैंसर से बचने के लिए एचपीवी परीक्षण कराना भी जरूरी है। यह परिक्षण वायरस (ह्यूमन पेपिलोमावायरस) की तलाश करता है जो इन कोशिकाओं में परिवर्तन का कारण बन सकता है। ये दोनों ही टेस्ट डॉक्टर के कार्यालय या क्लिनिक में किए जा सकते हैं। यदि आपकी आय कम है या आपके पास स्वास्थ्य बीमा नहीं है, तो आप सीडीसी के राष्ट्रीय स्तन और सर्वाइकल कैंसर की प्रारंभिक जांच कार्यक्रम के माध्यम से नि:शुल्क या कम लागत वाली स्क्रीनिंग जांच प्राप्त करने में सक्षम हो सकते हैं।

यौन संक्रमण से बचाने वाले विधियों का प्रयोग करना - डॉक्टर्स का कहना है कि उन व्यक्तियों में सर्वाइकल कैंसर के मुख्य कारण एचपीवी संक्रमण होने की संभावना अधिक होती है, जो 18 वर्ष की आयु से पहले यौन रूप से सक्रिय हो जाती हैं और जिनके छह या अधिक यौन साथी होते हैं। कंडोम या डेंटल डैम जैसे जन्म नियंत्रण की बाधा विधि का उपयोग करना, एचपीवी संक्रमण से बचाने में मदद करता है। हालांकि, यह ध्यान रखना महत्वपूर्ण है कि एक व्यक्ति अभी भी उन क्षेत्रों से एचपीवी प्राप्त कर सकता है जिन्हे कंडोम या डेंटल डैम कवर नहीं कर सकते हैं। जननांग त्वचा या गुदा के आसपास का क्षेत्र इसका एक उदाहरण है।

धूम्रपान से बचे
धूम्रपान विभिन्न प्रकार के कैंसर का कारण बन सकता है, जिसमें सर्वाइकल कैंसर भी शामिल है। दरअसल, तम्बाकू के धुएँ में जहरीले पदार्थ होते हैं जो इम्युनिटी सिस्टम को कमजोर बना सकते हैं। ऐसे में इम्यून पॉवर के लिए कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मारना कठिन हो जाता है। इसके अलावा ये जहरीले पदार्थ कोशिका के डीएनए को नुकसान भी पहुंचा सकते हैं या बदल सकते हैं, जिससे ट्यूमर विकसित होना शुरू हो जाता है। निष्क्रिय धूम्रपान और धूम्रपान करने वाले यौन साथी का सर्वाइकल कैंसर के जोखिम में योगदान हो सकता है। तम्बाकू में व्याप्त निकोटीन और अन्य पदार्थ वीर्य के माध्यम से गर्भाशय ग्रीवा में जा सकते हैं, जिससे इम्युनिटी सिस्टम और कैंसर से खुद को बचाने की शरीर की क्षमता प्रभावित होती है।

आहार
कई प्रकार के पौष्टिक तत्वों से परिपूर्ण आहार भी एचपीवी और सर्वाइकल कैंसर से बचा सकते हैं। निम्नलिखित आहार एचपीवी संक्रमण से बचाने में मदद कर सकते हैं:

फलों और सब्जियों में एंटीऑक्सिडेंट, जैसे विटामिन ए, सी और ई
पौधों के खाद्य पदार्थों और चाय में पॉलीफेनोल्स, फ्लेवोनोइड्स, लाइकोपीन और सल्फोराफेन
फोलेट, कैल्शियम और विटामिन डी
नट और फलियां
कुछ पोषक तत्वों:

फोलेट, नियासिन, और विटामिन बी 6, सी, और के - का कम सेवन सर्वाइकल इंट्रापीथेलियल नियोप्लासिया (सीआईएन) के उच्च जोखिम से जुड़ा था।

CIN2 कोशिकाएं मध्यम असामान्य कोशिकाएं हैं जो गर्भाशय ग्रीवा की सतह पर मौजूद होती हैं। ये कोशिकाएं अभी कैंसरयुक्त नहीं हैं, लेकिन ये कैंसर बन सकती हैं।

इसके अलावा, शोध से पता चलता है कि लोगों को इससे बचना चाहिए:

उच्च ग्लाइसेमिक इंडेक्स (जीआई) खाद्य पदार्थ
कम जीआई वाले खाद्य पदार्थों का सेवन सर्वाइकल कैंसर को रोकने में भूमिका निभा सकता है।

1. Dr. Adarsh kumar

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-adarsh-kumar-ayurveda ;

Bams

17 years experience 300 at clinic 300 online

The doctor has been treating cervical issues, which are a well-known condition in this stressful atmosphere. Dr. Adarsh treats patients with a holistic and spiritual approach, including ayurvedic medications and panchakarma treatments. In 2005, he earned his official education as a bachelor of ayurveda medicine and surgery from the government ayurveda college, kannur.

As a doctor, he has a distinguished education as well as considerable clinical experience as a consultant at santhigram kerala ayurveda hospital and avn arogya ayurveda hospital at triveni nursing trivandrum.

2. Dr. Malik ayurvedacharya

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-malik-ayurvedacharya-ayurveda ;

Bams

16 years experience 150 at clinic 100 online

Dr. Malik treats patients holistically and spiritually, using ayurvedic medications and panchakarma treatments as well as offering proper counselling to help them achieve a healthy lifestyle.

He has worked at ayurveda sanjeevani as a senior ayurvedacharya and a senior ayurvedic physician. He has long been a member of the institute of ayurveda integrative medicine and is well regarded.

3. Dr. Rajveer singh

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-rajveer-singh-pt-physiotherapist

Bpt, fellowship in orthopaedic rehabilitation

17 years experience 800 at clinic 450 online

He has extensive experience in orthopaedic physiotherapy and uses cutting-edge techniques and treatment planning, which he learned at state-level seminars. When it comes to treating cervical issues, he is the man to see. After graduating with a bpth from oxford dental college, he went on to earn a for (fellowship in orthopaedic rehabilitation) from apollo hospital in chennai and an mba in healthcare from sikkim manipal university. ;

He has served as both a senior physiotherapist at apollo hospital and as the hod at the trinity tailbone pain clinic (also known as the coccydynia tailbone pain clinic). He holds a membership in the iap (indian association of physiotherapists).

4. Dr. Nc gupta

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-n-c-gupta-orthopedist

Mbbs, Ms. - orthopaedics

56 years experience 500 at clinic 500 online

Dr. Gupta is an orthopaedic expert and physician who treats cervical pain conditions using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (nsaids) and muscle relaxants that do not relieve symptoms. He also believes in physical activity as a kind of treatment. He received his schooling as an mbbs from aiims and an Ms. In orthopedics from maulana azad medical college.

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5. Dr. Akshay kumar saxena

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-akshay-kumar-saxena-orthopedist

Mbbs, dnb (orthopedics), dip. Sicot, mnams

17 years experience 600 - 1000 at clinic 800 online

;

He is an orthopedist who has been practising since 2012. He is a well-known orthopedic surgeon who is also a renowned spine surgeon and a joint replacement surgeon. Heat, ice, and other pain management methods may be utilised in conjunction with physical therapy, which is recommended and properly suggested by Dr. Akshay.

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He received his official education in the form of a dip sicot and mnams from the national academy of medical sciences, as well as a dnb in orthopaedics from the national board of examinations and an mbbs from the himalayan institute of medical sciences in 2005. He has been a member of sicot for a long time and is well-liked.

6. Dr. Kamal bachani

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-kamal-bachani-orthopedist

Mbbs, Ms. (ortho), mch. Ortho, fellowship in joint replacement, fellowship in orthopaedic rehabilitation

32 years experience 1200 - 1500 at clinic 800 online

Dr. Kamal is a well-known orthopedist who is known for his therapeutic procedures for treating various neck pain disorders. He received an international arthroscopy and shoulder surgery fellowship at kh university in seoul, korea, in 2014. He obtained his m. Ch. Ortho from usaim in 2013. He earned his Ms. In orthopaedics from delhi university in 1994.

In addition, he received his mbbs from mamc in 1990. He has worked as a prominent orthopaedic consultant and joint replacement-arthroscopic surgeon at indraprastha apollo hospital, saket city hospital, rockland hospital, fortis hospital, vasant kunj, india, and many more hospitals since he began his career. ;

He has also presented presentations at the ioa annual meeting and a cadaveric workshop on surgical exposures in juxta articular fractures at safdarjung hospital in delhi (organizer and faculty).

7. Dr. Saurabh rawall

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-saurabh-rawall-neurosurgeon

Mbbs, Ms. - orthopaedics, fnb - spine surgery, fellow in spine surgery, fellowship in paediatric spine surgery

17 years experience 1000 at clinic 500 online

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Dr. Saurabh is a seasoned orthopedist with decades of experience. The doctor also gives a comfortable neck collar, which aids in pain relief by relieving strain on the neck, something a soft collar cannot do. A medical expert may provide corticosteroid injections near the nerve roots of the spinal cord, in the spinal joints, or in the muscles of the neck.

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He earned his mbbs from the all india institute of medical sciences in new delhi in 2011, as well as his Ms. In orthopaedics and fnb in spine surgery from the hinduja hospital in mumbai.



He is the recipient of the (apoa) spine fellowship, the eurospine travel grant institute prize at aiims, and a reviewer for the european spine journal.

8. Dr. Jitender pal singh

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-jitender-pal-singh-orthopedist ;

Mbbs (bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery)

23 years experience 0 - 600 at clinic 400 online

He is a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and an experienced orthopedist trained in limited-access surgery. He specialises in spine surgery and is a well-known joint replacement surgeon. He also offers arthroscopy as well as knee and hip replacement surgery. He is a trauma surgeon who specialises in reconstructive surgery facilities.

The doctor may also administer injections of numbing medications such as lidocaine, which can help relieve neck discomfort. In addition, the doctor offers therapy treatments such as surgical decompression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. He received his mbbs from punjabi university's government medical college and rajendra hospital as a bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery.

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9. Dr. Deepak kumar arora

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-deepak-arora-orthopedist

Mbbs, Ms. - orthopaedics

16 years experience 500 at clinic 300 online

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He was able to attain academic achievement, earning his mbbs and Ms. In orthopaedics from the university of rajasthan. He was chosen to serve as the senior resident at Dr. Bsa hospital rohini and has also completed his fellowship in arthroplasty & arthroscopy at sancheti hospital pune.

10. Dr. Gurinder bedi

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/delhi/doctor/dr-gurinder-bedi-orthopedist ;

Mbbs, dnb-ortho, ms-orthopaedics, ccst (internal medicine), frcs, frcs (orth surg)

34 years experience 1000 at clinic 300 online

He is a physician who treats patients with nerve root disorders and cervical vertebral inflammation, as well as symptoms of tingling, numbness, and weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet, which may be symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.

In 1994, he earned an Ms. In orthopedics from maulana azad medical college in new delhi, a dnb in orthopedics from the national academy of medical sciences in new delhi, and an mbbs from delhi university.

He is an accomplished member of the indian and delhi orthopedic associations. He is also a senior member of the south delhi orthopedic association and the ao trauma foundation, attending various cme workshops and seminars. He is also a member of the american academy of orthopedic surgeons.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) Diagnosis And Treatment

Definition
PID is defined as an infectious disease of the upper female reproductive system. This infection usually affects the uterus, fallopian tubes and, in some patients, the ovaries. Pid is closely linked with sexually transmitted diseases and the most commonly implicated organisms are chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and gardnerella vaginalis. Approximately, 20% of women who are untreated for chlamydial and gonorrheal infections will develop PID. Viral infections can also complicate pid and they includeherpes simplex type 2 and cytomegalovirus.

Several risk factors

Multiple sexual partners
Previous history of sexually transmitted infections
Invasive gynecological procedure such as an endometrial biopsy.
Intrauterine devices for contraception
Clinical presentation of pelvic inflammatory disease
Patients, if symptomatic, usually present with a fever, nausea, vomiting and pelvic and abdominal pain. Several clues exist that can make the physician suspect pelvic inflammatory disease as the etiology of abdominal pain in a young female patient, which include multiple sexual partners, a recent history of a sexually transmitted infection or the use of an intrauterine device for contraception.

Patients usually present during their menstruation, another clue towards pid as the cause of abdominal pain.
Pelvic pain is exacerbated by intercourse, motion or exercise. PID, if untreated, can lead to intraabdominal abscess formation or infertility, hence the threshold to diagnose pid should be low. Accordingly, any patient who presents with the above picture should undergo an abdominal and pelvic examination looking for any of the following three signs:
(1) cervical motion tenderness
(2) uterine tenderness
(3) adnexal tenderness

Diagnosis

Laparoscopic confirmation
Oral temperature above 38.3 c
Abnormal cervical or vaginal discharge
White blood cells on microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and
(CRP) c-reactive protein level
Laboratory confirmation of chlamydia or neisseria gonorrhea infection by dna.

The presence of

Fever
Lower abdominal pain
Vaginal discharge
And a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually enough, and the other criteria are only there to increase the certainty.
Laboratory investigations are needed to exclude other differential diagnoses and to confirm the diagnosis. The presence of more than 10 white blood cells per high-power field on microscopic examination of the vaginal secretions is a good diagnostic criterion for pid. Additionally, the detection of chlamydia or gonorrhea dna or culture studies can be helpful in increasing certainty.
Leukocytosis is found in about 50%
Transvaginal ultrasonography such as an
Abscess orectopic pregnancy.

Treatment of (PID)

Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
Metronidazole
Or

Cefoxitin
Doxycycline
Metronidazole

Treatment
Ceftriaxone 250 mg I'm + Doxycycline 100 mg po bid x 14 days

If concern for anaerobic cause consider adding
Metronidazole

Another possible and acceptable regimen for treatment includes
Clindamycin iv and Gentamicin iv
Like the previous treatment, 24 hours after clinical improvement, the patient should start taking doxycycline orally for two weeks.

Cervical cancer (a malignant tumor of the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus) is one of the most preventable types of cancer. Because of the Pap smear test, the number of cervical cancer cases has actually dropped over the past 20 years. However, many women still develop cervical cancer.

While some cases of cervical cancer cannot be prevented, there are many things a woman can do to reduce her risk of developing cervical cancer.

Reduce Your Risk of Cervical Cancer:

Get a regular Pap smear - A Pap smear can be the greatest defense against cervical cancer. It can detect cervical changes early on before they have a chance to turn into cancer.

Limit the number of sexual partners you have - Studies have shown that women who have many sexual partners increase their risk for cervical cancer. You also increase your risk of developing HPV, which has been shown to lead to cervical cancer.

Quit smoking or avoid secondhand smoke - Smoking cigarettes increases your risk of developing many cancers, including cervical cancer.

If you are sexually active, use a condom - Having unprotected sex puts you at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can increase your risk factor for developing cervical cancer.
Follow up on abnormal Pap smears - If you have had an abnormal Pap smear, it is important to follow up with regular Pap smears or colposcopies, and whatever else your doctor has recommended for you. If you have been treated for cervical dysplasia, you still need to follow up with Pap smears or colposcopies.

Get the HPV vaccine - If you are under 27, you may be eligible to receive the HPV vaccine, which prevents high-risk strains of HPV in women. The vaccine is most effective when given to young women before they become sexually active.
Again, cervical cancer prevention should be a top priority for all women. Small lifestyle adjustments, combined with regular medical care, can go a long way in preventing cervical cancer.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a common infection in the female reproductive organs like the ovaries, the uterus and the fallopian tubes and also the inside of the pelvis. If left untreated for a long time, PID can lead to severe problems like pregnancy complications, infertility and cancer.

Causes

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like chlamydia and gonorrhea produce vaginal bacteria which travel to the interior organs and cause PID. Having unprotected sexual contact with someone who has an STD is the most common cause of PID. Moreover, medical processes like abortion, miscarriage, childbirth, insertion of contraceptive devices can also lead to bacterial infection. Having sex with a number of different people, or having sex before the age of 20, or having had an STD in the past, also increase the chances of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Symptoms

The disease may show only minor symptoms or it may not show any symptom at all. When it does, the common symptoms are pelvic pain, discomfort while urinating or having intercourse, difficulties with menstruation and unusual fluid discharge from the vagina. Associated symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease include high fever, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, exhaustion, shivering and fainting.

Diagnosis

A pelvic examination is conducted to check for abnormal bleeding from the cervix (the opening of the uterus), fluid discharge or severe pain in the uterus, fallopian tubes or in the ovaries.

Swabs taken from the cervix and the vagina are tested for STDs or other possible bacterial infections that may cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
An ultrasound or a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan is conducted to make sure that the symptoms are not being caused by other disorders like appendicitis or other kinds of infection in the reproductive organs.

A pregnancy test is also done to take the necessary precautions to protect the fetus from the adverse effects of the infection.

Treatment

The treatment procedures of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease vary depending on the type of bacteria that caused the infection in the specific case. Antibiotic medication is used to treat the condition. In case of severe complications, the patient has to be hospitalized.

Cervical cancer occurs when the cells of the cervix grow abnormally and invade other tissues and organs of the body. Cervical cancer is slow-growing, so its progression through precancerous changes provides opportunities for prevention, early detection, and treatment.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a common infection in the female reproductive organs like the ovaries, the uterus and the fallopian tubes and also the inside of the pelvis. If left untreated for a long time, PID can lead to severe problems like pregnancy complications, infertility and cancer.

Causes

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like chlamydia and gonorrhea produce vaginal bacteria which travel to the interior organs and cause PID. Having unprotected sexual contact with someone who has an STD is the most common cause of PID. Moreover, medical processes like abortion, miscarriage, childbirth, insertion of contraceptive devices can also lead to bacterial infection. Having sex with a number of different people, or having sex before the age of 20, or having had an STD in the past, also increase the chances of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Symptoms

The disease may show only minor symptoms or it may not show any symptom at all. When it does, the common symptoms are pelvic pain, discomfort while urinating or having intercourse, difficulties with menstruation and unusual fluid discharge from the vagina. Associated symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease include high fever, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, exhaustion, shivering and fainting.

Diagnosis

A pelvic examination is conducted to check for abnormal bleeding from the cervix (the opening of the uterus), fluid discharge or severe pain in the uterus, fallopian tubes or in the ovaries.

Swabs taken from the cervix and the vagina are tested for STDs or other possible bacterial infections that may cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

An ultrasound or a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan is conducted to make sure that the symptoms are not being caused by other disorders like appendicitis or other kinds of infection in the reproductive organs.

A pregnancy test is also done to take the necessary precautions to protect the fetus from the adverse effects of the infection.

Treatment

The treatment procedures of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease vary depending on the type of bacteria that caused the infection in the specific case. Antibiotic medication is used to treat the condition. In case of severe complications, the patient has to be hospitalized.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a common infection in the female reproductive organs like the ovaries, the uterus and the fallopian tubes and also the inside of the pelvis. If left untreated for a long time, PID can lead to severe problems like pregnancy complications, infertility and cancer.

Causes

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like chlamydia and gonorrhea produce vaginal bacteria which travel to the interior organs and cause PID. Having unprotected sexual contact with someone who has an STD is the most common cause of PID. Moreover, medical processes like abortion, miscarriage, childbirth, insertion of contraceptive devices can also lead to bacterial infection. Having sex with a number of different people, or having sex before the age of 20, or having had an STD in the past, also increase the chances of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Symptoms

The disease may show only minor symptoms or it may not show any symptom at all. When it does, the common symptoms are pelvic pain, discomfort while urinating or having intercourse, difficulties with menstruation and unusual fluid discharge from the vagina. Associated symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease include high fever, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, exhaustion, shivering and fainting.

Diagnosis

A pelvic examination is conducted to check for abnormal bleeding from the cervix (the opening of the uterus), fluid discharge or severe pain in the uterus, fallopian tubes or in the ovaries.

Swabs taken from the cervix and the vagina are tested for STDs or other possible bacterial infections that may cause Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

An ultrasound or a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan is conducted to make sure that the symptoms are not being caused by other disorders like appendicitis or other kinds of infection in the reproductive organs.

A pregnancy test is also done to take the necessary precautions to protect the fetus from the adverse effects of the infection.

Treatment

The treatment procedures of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease vary depending on the type of bacteria that caused the infection in the specific case. Antibiotic medication is used to treat the condition. In case of severe complications, the patient has to be hospitalized.

Sexually transmitted diseases can often be shortened to STDs. STDs often do not show any symptoms. It is possible that you may have had a disease such as chlamydia and not even known you had it. However, it is crucial that you get yourself tested as soon as possible so that the sexually transmitted disease can be treated in the best way possible. Since there are many sexually transmitted diseases and they all have different symptoms and treatment, here are the symptoms and treatment for the most common ones:

HPV

HPV stands for human pappilovirus and it may display no symptoms whatsoever that you have the disease. However, when you do get symptoms, you will get symptoms such as genital warts, infection of the throat and mouth as well as cervical cancer, penile cancer and various other cancers. The treatment for HPV is to take a vaccine; as if you have not been vaccinated, it is hard to cure.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease, however, only 25% of women and about 50% of men show any symptoms of it whatsoever. However, the most common symptoms when they do appear is a discharge from the vagina or penis which is not regular and it may even cause a painful or burning sensation. Since this is a bacterial disease, it can pretty easily be treated with antibiotics.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is yet another common sexually transmitted disease. It usually occurs along with chlamydia. The symptoms and treatment for gonorrhea are also extremely similar to chlamydia.

Syphilis

Syphilis is another common sexually transmitted disease. However, it is a little hard to treat because the symptoms appear in stages. In the first stage, there is only one main bump on the body. This bump may look like a cut, a sore or even an ingrown hair. In the second stage, this bump becomes a rash which goes all over your body and it may develop sores in your mouth, vagina or anus. Symptoms usually completely disappear in the third stage. However, if there is a fourth stage then brain or organ damage may occur. Antibiotics are used to treat syphilis as well.

Regular pap tests i.e., tests that look for any signs of cervical cancer should be conducted regularly so that it can be detected at its initial stage and can be treated accordingly.