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Overview

Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test

Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test

Extractable nuclear antibodies test is done on the blood to know the presence of these antibodies when a person is suffering from diseases related to them. It is used to measure the level of Anti RNP Antibodies, Anti SSA Antibodies, Anti SSB Antibodies, Anti Sm Antibodies and Anti Jo Antibodies in the blood. The disorders that are associated with the test include Autoimmune Disorder, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polymyositis and Sjogren's Syndrome. The test is performed not only for the confirmation of the disorders but also to know if the body is doing well in the treatment phase or not.

There is special preparation required for the test. You can eat the normal diet and drink anything you want. However, you should stay connected with your doctor before the test. The doctor should know the different medical conditions that you have and various medicines that you are taking. Based on that analysis, the particular instruction should be followed for an accurate result. Since it is a blood test, clothing plays a vital role so that the doctor can take the sample quickly. Foldable full sleeves, half sleeves or sleeveless shirt should be worn on the day of the test.

Since the nuclear antibodies are not present in the blood serum when you don’t have the disorder, hence, if the blood has antibodies, it means that the test is positive. In the case of positive test the disorder is detected based on what nuclear antibody is present in the blood. If there are no antibodies available in the body that means the result in negative and there is no disorder associated with the person.

A Connective Tissue Disease Cascade (CTDC) testing algorithm is applied to the blood serum to detect these antibodies. The blood sample is collected in the red tube to differentiate the serum with the blood. No refrigeration of blood should be done. The skin and the needle are cleaned using the alcohol or other disinfectants. An elastic band is wrapped around the upper elbow to stop the blood flow, and it helps in letting the veins to grow big. Then the needle is injected into the vein, and the blood is collected in the plain red tube attached to the needle. Your name is written on the tube, and the sample is sent to the lab.

Type Gender Age-Group Value
Anti RNP
Unisex
All age groups
The antibodies are not normally present.
Anti SSA
UNISEX
All age groups
The antibodies are not normally present
Anti SSB
UNISEX
All age groups
The antibodies are not normally present
Anti Sm
UNISEX
All age groups
The antibodies are not normally present
Anti Jo
UNISEX
All age groups
The antibodies are not normally present

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Table of Content

What is Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test?
Preparation for Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test
Uses of Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test
Procedure for Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test
Normal values for Extractable Nuclear Antibodies Test
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Popular Questions & Answers

Hello Sir/Madam, I am suffering from some liver issues. My SGOT & SGPT reading is not going down. I am taking medicines suggested by my physician but the readings are not going down. Kindly tell me the better way to lower down my SGOT & SGPT readings and also suggest me the perfect diet chart to be followed. Thank you,

BSc - Food Science & Nutrition, PGD in Sports Nutrition and Dietitics , Diabetes Educator, Translational Nutrigenomics
Dietitian/Nutritionist, Mumbai
Hello, Excess of muscle building procedures also tend to elevate Sgpt and sgot levels. Make sure you are taking a break from nuclear building exercises for a while. Include foods which are, easily to gives like rice, nachni, egg whites etc. Rule out any infection causes. Detox diet once a week is important. Take rest
3 people found this helpful

Hi. My baby girl is 6 months old. She is not going to anyone except me (mom) and her dad. Not even going with her grandparents or any of our close relatives. She cries immediately and crying very hard if someone held up her. I was not able to take care all the time, but she is not happy with another. Please advise if this baby behaviour will change or not?

BHMS
Homeopath, Delhi
Hi. My baby girl is 6 months old. She is not going to anyone except me (mom) and her dad. Not even going with her gra...
Most of the children who stays in nuclear family are exposed only to their parents. Hence, they always cling to Mom n dad only. Nothing to worry, here you need to start socializing ,that is expose your baby to outer environment. Have family visits more frequent, meet your friends. On daily basis you can meet your neighborhood people and also take your child to near by park where she will see new faces of kids n olders. Secondly your child is just 6 months not expect a lot from your child.
1 person found this helpful

Please explain report of FNAC report what aaya what stage of cancer Clinical History:-Obstructive jaundice. MRCP: Suggestive of carcinoma GB with peripheral lymph node comprising CBD causing obstructive jaundice. FNAC Site:- EUS guided FNA from two sites: 1) Lymph node. 2) GB mass. Gross Description:- Ten giemsa and seven pap stained slides were examined. Microscopic Description: 1) Hemodiluted smears show a polymorphous population of lymphoid cells with occasional histiocytes and sheets of benign epithelial cells. 2) Hemodiluted smears show cell clusters with nuclear crowding and overlapping, moderate nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia with singly scattered atypical cells and sheets of benign epithelial cells and occasional histiocytes. Final Diagnosis :1) EUS guided FNA from Lymph node:- No definite atypical cells seen in smears examined. 2) EUS guided FNA from GB Mass:- Features are suggestive of Adenocarcinoma. Advised:- Histopathological correlation.

Registrar In Surgical Oncology, Fellowship In Gynaecologic Oncology, Masters In Advanced Oncology, Fellowship In advanced laparoscopy and robotic surgery, Fellowship In Gastrointestinal Oncology, Fellowship In CRS and HIPEC, Fellowship In PIPAC
Oncologist, Mumbai
Please explain report of FNAC report what aaya what stage of cancer Clinical History:-Obstructive jaundice. MRCP: Sug...
Dear Mr. Manish, From what you have explained it appears to be a locally advanced Ca. Gall bladder. Usually they are very aggressive . I would get a PETCT done, if its only locally advanced , a plastic stenting needs to be done ( through ERCP or PTBD). this should be followed by 3 cycles chemo and reassessed. If there is a good response, then surgery can be contemplated. Though guidelines suggest only palliative chemotherapy with or without radiation for locally advanced gall bladder cancer. Some patients respond to chemotherapy and can be successfully salvaged with surgery
1 person found this helpful

IMPRESSION: Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney, Fuhrman nuclear grade 1. PT1aNX. Size of tumour: 3 x 2.5 x 2 cm. Lymphvascular invasion present. All margins are free of invasive carcinoma. No evidence of necrosis/sarcomatoid areas. Sir please tell me the meaning of this report. What to do next?

MCh - Surgical Oncology, FEBS - Fellow of European Board of Surgical Oncology
Oncologist, Navi Mumbai
IMPRESSION: Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney, Fuhrman nuclear grade 1. PT1aNX. Size of tumour: 3 x...
Hello lybrate-user lovely report. Congratulations. Hopefully a partial Nephrectomy has been done saving the rest of the kidney. This report suggests you have a low risk less aggressive tumor although Lymphovascular invasion may signify some nodal Mets. Just keep a good follow up every 6 months with USG abdo pelvis for the next 3 years Regards.
1 person found this helpful

Popular Health Tips

How To Deal With Phobia Of Genetic Sexual Attraction?

MD, sexologist, Fellowship
Sexologist, Srinagar
How To Deal With Phobia Of Genetic Sexual Attraction?

In the realm of sexual relations, Incest is one of the longing social taboos. In order to curb this social taboo, many governments have introduced law banning incest. Basically, this is a sexual relationship between those who are blood-related, which is also called as Consanguineous relationship. This is also called as Genetic Sexual Attraction (GSA) which can be between siblings, half siblings, donor children, adoptees, biological mother and father, nephew and so on. This is a social evil, and experts have some remedies so that you can deal with genetic sexual attraction.

Causes:

According to an article published in Spanish Magazine AFIN in July 2013, separation of siblings for quite a long time is one of the known causes for genetic sexual attraction. At the same time, the magazine points out that there are instances that even those who are not separated have this mania of genetic sexual attraction. Some of the other interesting aspects of GSA can be explained as follows:

  1. It is said that children who grow in close proximity since their childhood develop reverse sexual attitude or imprinting with their siblings, parents and with other consanguineous relationships. This reverse sexual attitude actually suppresses sexual desire with consanguineous relationship. This theory is also called as Westermarck Effect. This can be the pointer to the question How to deal with Genetic Sexual Attraction because consanguineous relationship separated for years may not have the Westermarck Effect.

  2. It is pointed out that when siblings who are separated for long duration of time are sexually mature when they meet each other. In other words, they were not members of the nuclear family, and this long absence can attract each other for a closer relationship. In addition to this, the siblings are biologically and mentally so grown up that they have made their own hard imprint of their character, taste and so on. It is a combination of these factors that makes them an exception to the Westermarck effect.

Symptoms of GSA:

Extreme awareness about the other person, hard desire to stay or talk, distractible behavior, unnecessary talking, holding hands or touching or making use of every opportunity to have some kind of physical contact, daydreaming are some of the known symptoms of GSA.

Remedy Available:

One of the ideal remedies for those suffering from GSA is to seek help of appropriate medical fraternity in the earliest possible time. This is one of the most ideal approaches to deal with genetic sexual attraction. It is also suggested that you should ensure that the siblings meet at regular intervals. This can help the siblings to have Westermarck Effect. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Sexologist.

5395 people found this helpful

How to Keep your Skin Young and Healthy?

Dermatologist
Dermatologist, Noida
How to Keep your Skin Young and Healthy?

Remember, the skin is the body's biggest organ. Strong and youthful skin means that perfect success. From eating perfect to your action plan, from your healthy skin regimen to your resting style, everything affects your skin quality.

Keeping up strong and more young looking skin can be master with the right approach.

Here are few exhibited ways to deal with keep your skin youthful, energetic and awesome.

Think about Your Back

Rest is fundamental for healthy skin. On the off chance that you are short on rest despite for a single day, it can incite packs under the eyes. Thus, essentially imagine how distinctive eager nights affect your skin appearance.

Those who sleep less had extended signs of skin developing and slower recovery from solution of natural stressors, for instance, intrusion of the skin block or UV radiation.

Consistent poor rest quality is connected with extended signs of characteristic developing, decreased skin check limit and lower satisfaction with appearance. Incredible sleepers have a better impression of their appearance and physical charm than those who sleep less i.e. poor sleepers.

While measure of rest is basic for skin richness, even the way you rest can huge influence on your skin appearance. Contemplating your stomach with your face secured into your cushion can realize dark circles and puffiness around your eyes. This resting position can make the veins wind up doubtlessly contracted and result in poor blood diffusion.

To keep up your skin's general well being, set yourself up to consider your back and keep your head raised well over your body by using two pads. Furthermore, endeavour to rest for no less than seven hours every day.

Add Coconut Oil to Your Beauty Routine

Notwithstanding, whether it is strong skin or hair that you require, extra virgin coconut oil is something you should place assets into.

Notwithstanding what kind of skin you have, extra virgin coconut oil goes about as a staggering cream. It is, really, to a great degree strong for more prepared people who are more disposed to skin dryness. This oil is one of the primary wellsprings of medium-chain unsaturated fats, which is the thing that makes it so incredibly helpful for skin.

This oil is also rich in phytonutrients and polyphenols that go about as cell fortifications and have other tissue-consistent and tissue-guarded properties.

Topical virgin coconut oil lessened water disaster in the skin of people with atopic dermatitis, a combustible skin condition in which the skin's normal moistness locking impediment does not work properly.

Coconut oil is in like manner uncommonly convincing against hair hurt. This is a direct result of its high inclination for hair proteins and low sub-nuclear weight, which makes it plausible for the oil to penetrate inside the hair shafts.

Among mineral, sunflower and coconut oils, coconut oil can strikingly decrease the protein disaster in both undamaged and hurt hair when used as a pre-wash and post-wash preparing thing.

Shave Care

Most men and women lean toward shaving as one of the best systems to discard undesirable hair and to acknowledge smooth skin.

Nevertheless, if shaving is not, done genuinely and with extra careful steps, it can scrape the skin, especially if the skin is thin, dry and fragile.

Shaving addresses a significantly complex course of action of mechanical and compound co-operations occurring at the skin surface. To ensure marvellous closeness and perfect comfort, compelling organization of the skin is principal.

It is endorsed to shave after a hot shower or shower (or crushing a warm wet texture on your skin) as it appeases the hair. Never grievously shave when the skin is dry. Moreover, use an impeccable, sharp razor, and shave toward the hair advancement. In the wake of shaving, flush the skin well with warm water to vacant cleanser and dead cells.

If the skin winds up clearly irritated ensuing to shaving, refrain from using alcohol based cream paying little heed to the likelihood that it feels refreshingly cool. Such things can compound the aggravation by drying out the skin extensively more.

Facial Yoga

Facial yoga has ended up being continuously notable, as it gives indistinct favourable circumstances, from a corrective touch up surgery without the risks and cost.

Often facial yoga can incite

Less Wrinkles

Less Eye Puffiness

A firmer Jaw Line

No redistribution of Skin

 

This occurs in light of the fact that facial yoga stances increase formation of collagen, which is the skin's wellspring of youth that reductions with developing and sun harm. It even upgrades muscle tone and makes the skin look suppler.

Facial yoga is reasonable for skin recovery. In any case, affirm from enormous, randomized controlled trials will be required before conclusions can be, drawn.

To lessen Two fold Jaws, endeavor this Facial Yoga Act

Sit calmly, keeping your head straight.

Frown your lips and move them progressively to the other side, amplifying your cheek.

Turn your go to the other side and lift it upwards at a 45-degree point.

Hold this position for 3 to 5 seconds.

Rehash before doing it twice to the right side.

 

To empty Smile Lines, endeavor this Facial Yoga Pose

Put both palms on your sanctuaries.

Push up and back with your hands to lift your face.

Open your mouth gently and make an "O" shape.

At that point, drop your jaw.

Hold for 5 seconds and repeat two more conditions.

Facial yoga fundamentally focuses on the muscles in your mind and neck.

On the remote possibility that done viably, it can help keep your face hunting more young down additional.

Keep up a key separation from Excessive Scrubbing

Fragile shedding is an exceptional way to deal with discard excess dead skin cells and bring back your skin's splendid shimmer. Nevertheless, over-shedding can achieve aggravation and disturbance.

A substantial number of us scrub too enthusiastically while using a scrubber. The unfaltering crushing and scratched spot on the skin can strip away the ordinary oils, inciting exacerbation and dryness. It can notwithstanding achieve post-provocative hyper-pigmentation, inciting clouding of defects.

The line between sound peeling and over-shedding is truly thin and foggy. Over-peeling can incite:

Loss of moistness in the skin,

Sketchy and peeling scopes of dryness,

Messy and red skin,

Expanded affectability to your standard things,

A devouring sensation when anything is associated with the skin,

Skin that feels, hot to touch and aggravating shivering.

On the remote possibility that you have any of these appearances resulting to scouring or shedding, take it as a notice sign that something isn't right.

Peeling should be done just once reliably or two, dependent upon how sensitive your skin is.

 

16 people found this helpful

Cataract - Factors That Put You At Risk!

MS - Ophthalmology, MBBS
Ophthalmologist, Noida
Cataract - Factors That Put You At Risk!

Cataract usually affects people who are above 40. It is a blurring of the eye’s lens, which lies at the back of pupil and iris. It is the most usual cause behind the loss of vision for people above 40. Research also states that it is a major cause of blindness in the world.

Types of cataracts:

  1. Subcapsular cataract: People who are diabetic and those are taking high steroids are more prone to subcapsular cataract. In this type, the cataract develops at the back of the lens.
  2. Nuclear cataract: A nuclear cataract is related to aging. It usually affects the central portion of the lens of the eye.
  3. Cortical cataract: It is a white opacity, which begins from the periphery of the lens and spreads up to the center of the lens in a spot-like manner. It usually affects the cortex of the lens.

Symptoms:

  1. In the beginning, cataract affects a small portion of your eye and affects your vision.
  2. Your vision gradually gets blurred.
  3. Too much exposure to the light might cause glare.
  4. In nuclear cataract, you may notice a short-lived improvement of your near vision.
  5. In subcapsular cataract, you cannot notice any symptoms in the initial days.

Cause of cataract:
The lens inside our eyes acts like a camera and it is made of protein and water. The protein helps in keeping the lens clear. But with aging, the protein may start to form a lump, which causes cloudiness in the eye area. With time the cataract spreads all over the lens and creates more cloudiness, which ultimately leads to blindness. The factors which usually trigger cataract are

  1. Age
  2. UV rays from sunlight
  3. Obesity
  4. Hypertension
  5. Smoking
  6. Consumption of high dosage steroids medicines
  7. Statin medicines
  8. History of eye inflammation or any eye injury
  9. History of eye surgery
  10. Too much consumption of alcohol
  11. Hormone replacement therapy
  12. Family history of cataract

Prevention of cataract:
It cannot be guaranteed whether cataract can be prevented or not. A study shows that cataract is caused due to the oxidative changes in the lens of the eye. Nutrition studies have shown that consuming vegetables and fruits, which are high in antioxidants, may help in preventing cataract. Dietary intake of vitamin E, carotenoids lutein, and zeaxanthin from supplements and food items can decrease the risk of developing a cataract. Sunflower seeds, spinach and almonds are good sources of vitamin E. Kale, spinach, other leafy green veggies are the good sources of zeaxanthin and lutein. Food items that contain Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin C decrease the chances of cataract.

Last, but not the least, when you step out, always wear a sunglasses, which has the ability to block UV rays. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult an Ophthalmologist.

2380 people found this helpful

Cataract: Know The Types and Symptoms

DOMS
Ophthalmologist, Ahmedabad
Cataract: Know The Types and Symptoms

Cataract can be defined as the clouding of the natural lenses in the eyes. This is caused by the clumping of protein in the eye lens. Cataract is a common eye disorder and the leading cause of loss of vision in people who are past their fortieth birthday. Cataract can occur in one or both eyes. When diagnosed properly, cataract can be treated with surgery to prevent blindness.

Depending on where and how they develop, there are many types of cataract. The most common amongst these are:

  1. Subcapsular cataract: These occur at the back of the eye lens. Diabetic patients are very susceptible to this kind of cataract.
  2. Nuclear cataract: Yellowish-brown cataract that form in the center of the lens are called nuclear cataract. This is usually seen in cataract caused by ageing.
  3. Cortical cataract: Cataract in the lens cortex are known as cortical cataract. These are wedge shaped and whitish in color. Spokes protruding out of these opaque wedges can be seen moving towards the center of the eye.
  4. Congenital cataract: Though they are not common, babies can also have cataract. Cataract formed at birth or within the first year of a baby's birth are known as congenital cataract.
  5. Secondary cataract: Cataract is one of the known side effects of diabetes and glaucoma. Some steroids and medicines are also linked to cataract.
  6. Traumatic cataract: If your vision becomes cloudy years after an eye injury, it could be a traumatic cataract. It can take several years for this to happen.
  7. Radiation cataract: Exposure to radiation can also lead to cataract. This is seen sometimes in patients who have undergone radiation therapy to fight diseases like cancer.

Though the type of cataract might differ from person to person, the symptoms are usually the same. Some of the common symptoms of cataract are:

  1. Blurred vision
  2. Reduced night vision
  3. Increased sensitivity to light and glare
  4. Seeing halos around lights
  5. Colors appearing faded
  6. Double vision
  7. Frequent change in (glass power) refraction

A reading test is the first step towards diagnosing cataracts. This is followed by tests to measure the eye pressure. Your doctor will also need to dilate the pupil to check the condition of the optic nerves and retina.

Surgery is the safest way to remove a cataract. Surgery is usually recommended when cataract begin inhibiting your daily life such as preventing you from driving, interfering with reading etc.

In most cases, this can be done as an outpatient procedure. The earlier it is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. Hence, if you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, get your eyes checked at once. The surgery is a day-care surgery only, so a person can go home the same day. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult an Ophthalmologist.

 

3388 people found this helpful

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal Surgery!

MBBS, MS - General Surgery, Fellowship In Laparoscopic & Robotic Onco-Surgery, Fellowship In bariatric surgery, F.I.A.G.E.S
General Surgeon, Delhi
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal Surgery!

What is Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal Surgery (Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy)?

Gallbladder removal is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Gallbladder removal surgery is usually performed with minimally invasive techniques and the medical name for this procedure is Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy or Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal.

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ that rests beneath the right side of the liver. Its main purpose is to collect and concentrate a digestive liquid (bile) produced by the liver. Bile is released from the gallbladder after eating, aiding digestion. Bile travels through narrow tubular channels (bile ducts) into the small intestine. Removal of the gallbladder is not associated with any impairment of digestion in most people.

What Causes Gallbladder Problems?

Gallbladder problems are usually caused by the presence of gallstones which are usually small and hard, consisting primarily of cholesterol and bile salts that form in the gallbladder or in the bile duct.

It is uncertain why some people form gallstones but risk factors include being female, prior pregnancy, age over 40 years and being overweight. Gallstones are also more common as you get older and some people may have a family history of gallstones. There is no known means to prevent gallstones.

These stones may block the flow of bile out of the gallbladder, causing it to swell and resulting in sharp abdominal pain, vomiting, indigestion and, occasionally, fever. If the gallstone blocks the common bile duct, jaundice (a yellowing of the skin) can occur.

Diagnosing 

  1. Ultrasound is most commonly used to find gallstones.
  2. In a few more complex cases, other X-ray test such as a CT scan or a gallbladder nuclear medicine scan may be used to evaluate gallbladder disease.

Gallstones do not go away on their own. Some can be temporarily managed by making dietary adjustments, such as reducing fat intake. This treatment has a low, short-term success rate. Symptoms will eventually continue unless the gallbladder is removed. Treatments to break up or dissolve gallstones are largely unsuccessful.

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is the time-honored and safest treatment of gallbladder disease.

What are the Advantages of Performing Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal?

  1. Rather than a five to seven inch incision, the operation requires only four small openings in the abdomen.
  2. Patients usually have minimal post-operative pain.
  3. Patients usually experience faster recovery than open gallbladder surgery patients.
  4. Most patients go home the same day of the surgery and enjoy a quicker return to normal activities.

Are you a Candidate?

Although there are many advantages to laparoscopic gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy), the procedure may not be appropriate for some patients who have severe complicated gallbladder disease or previous upper abdominal surgery. A thorough medical evaluation by your personal physician, in consultation with a surgeon trained in laparoscopy, can determine if laparoscopic gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) is an appropriate procedure for you. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a general surgeon.

1760 people found this helpful