Giardia Antigen Tips

Life Threatening Ectoparasites Of Dog

Ph. D - Medicine
Veterinarian, Mathura
Life Threatening Ectoparasites Of Dog

There are several ectoparasites that can pose a life-threatening risk to dogs if left untreated. Here are three significant examples:

Fleas (ctenocephalides spp.): while fleas are common and often considered a nuisance, a severe infestation can lead to life-threatening conditions. Fleas can cause anemia, especially in young or small dogs, due to excessive blood loss. Some dogs may develop an allergic reaction to flea bites, leading to a condition called flea allergy dermatitis (fad). Fad can result in intense itching, severe skin inflammation, and secondary infections. Additionally, fleas can transmit certain diseases like bartonellosis (caused by bartonella bacteria) and tapeworm infestations.

Ticks (ixodidae family): ticks are known carriers of various diseases, some of which can be life-threatening to dogs. For example, ticks can transmit lyme disease, which can cause joint inflammation, lameness, and, in severe cases, kidney disease. Other tick-borne diseases include ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis, which can cause a range of symptoms such as fever, lethargy, anemia, and organ damage. Tick paralysis is another dangerous condition that can occur when certain species of ticks release a toxin while feeding, leading to progressive paralysis that can affect the respiratory muscles.

Sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei): sarcoptic mange, also known as scabies, is caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the dog's skin, leading to intense itching and irritation. If left untreated, sarcoptic mange can result in severe hair loss, self-inflicted wounds due to scratching, and secondary bacterial infections. In some cases, widespread mange infestations can weaken a dog's immune system, making them susceptible to other diseases.

It's important to promptly address any ectoparasite issues in dogs to prevent these life-threatening conditions. If you suspect your dog has an ectoparasite infestation or if they are showing symptoms of a related disease, consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.





जानिये क्या होते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन और क्या है उपयोग का सही तरीका

MBBS
General Physician, Dhanbad
जानिये क्या होते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन और क्या है उपयोग का सही तरीका
जब किसी भी तरह की बीमारी के इलाज की बात आती है तो दवाइयों और इंजेक्शन का जिक्र होना स्वाभाविक है। दरअसल, कई बार जब हम बीमारी का इलाज कराने के लिए डॉक्टर के पास जाते हैं तो डॉक्टर कई तरह की दवाइयों और इजेक्शन लेने की सलाह देता है और हम इन इंजेक्शन को लेकर लगवाते भी हैं।

क्या आपको मालूम है कि इंजेक्शन लगाने के अलग-अलग तरीके भी होते हैं। ऐसा ही एक तरीका है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन। तो चलिए आज हम इस सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के विषय में विस्तार से बात करते हैं।

क्या है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन को शॉर्ट भाषा में एससी इंजेक्शन भी कहते हैं और इसकी हिंदी अंतस्त्वचा इंजेक्शन मतलब त्वचा के नीचे लगने वाला इंजेक्शन है। इस तरह जो इंजेक्शन त्वचा के नीचे लगाए जाते हैं उन्हें सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन कहते हैं। कुछ परिस्थितियों में डॉक्टर आपको सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन घर पर लगाने की सलाह देते हैं। कुछ बीमारिया ऐसी होती है जैसे मधुमेह की बीमारी में आपको सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन घर पर ही लगाने होते है।

कैसे लगाया जाता है सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन में दवा को त्वचा और मांसपेशियों के बीच ऊतक परत में इंजेक्ट किया जाता है और इसके लिए छोटी सुई का उपयोग किया जाता है। इस तरह से दी जाने वाली दवा आमतौर पर नस में इंजेक्शन लगाने की तुलना में अधिक धीरे-धीरे अवशोषित होती है। कभी-कभी इसमें 24 घंटे तक का समय लग जाता है। हालांकि, इसके बावजूद कुछ बीमारियों में यह इंजेक्शन नसों में लगाए जाने वाले इंजेक्शन से ज्यादा प्रभावित करते हैं। इसी वजह से डॉक्टर इस प्रकार के इंजेक्शन को लगाने की सलाह देते हैं।

डॉक्टर्स क्यों देते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने की सलाह
कुछ बीमारियां ऐसी भी होती हैं जिसमें खाई जाने वाली दवाइयां ज्यादा असरदार नहीं होती, क्योंकि पेट में एसिड और एंजाइम इन दवाइयों को नष्ट कर देते हैं। ऐसी सूरत में डॉक्टर्स सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने की सलाह देते हैं। क्योंकि इनपर पेट में मौजूद एसिड और एंजाइम का कोई असर नहीं पड़ता। वहीं नसों में लगने वाले इंजेक्शन जैसे तरीके कठिन और महंगे हो सकते हैं। जबकि मांसपेशियों में लगने वाले इंजेक्शन जैसे अन्य तरीके कठिन और महंगे हो सकते हैं। सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन आपके शरीर में दवा लेने का एक उपयोगी, सुरक्षित और सुविधाजनक तरीका हो सकता है।

सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन से दी जाने वाली दवाएं
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से शरीर में ऐसी दवाओं को इंजेक्ट किया जाता है जिनकी मात्रा कम होती है। आमतौर पर इन दवाओं की मात्रा 1 एमएल से कम होती है लेकिन 2 एमएल तक सुरक्षित माना जाता है। इसके अलावा जिन दवाओं को बहुत जल्दी देने की आवश्यकता होती है, उन्हें भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से भी दिया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के रूप में हम एपिनेफ्रीन को ले सकते हैं जो एक स्वचालित इंजेक्टर रूप में आता है। इसे एपिपेन भी कहा जाता है। इसका उपयोग गंभीर एलर्जी प्रतिक्रियाओं का तुरंत उपचार करने के लिए किया जाता है।

कुछ दर्द की दवाएं जैसे मॉर्फिन और हाइड्रोमोर्फोन (डिलाउडिड) को भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के रूप में दिए जा सकते हैं। मेटोक्लोप्रमाइड (रेगलन) या डेक्सामेथासोन (डेक्सपैक) जैसी मतली और उल्टी को रोकने वाली दवाएं भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से दी जा सकती हैं। कुछ टीकों और एलर्जी शॉट्स को भी सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के रूप में दिया जाता है।

ज्यादातर कहां लगाए जाते हैं सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के लिए कुछ स्थान महत्वपूर्ण है। इसकी वजह भी है। दरअसल, दवा को त्वचा के ठीक नीचे फैटी टिश्यू में इंजेक्ट करने की आवश्यकता होती है। शरीर के कुछ क्षेत्रों में ऊतक की अधिक आसानी से सुलभ परत होती है, जहां त्वचा के नीचे इंजेक्ट की गई सुई मांसपेशियों, हड्डी या रक्त वाहिकाओं को नहीं लगेगी।

शरीर में सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने के सबसे आम स्थान :

उदर: नाभि के स्तर पर या उसके नीचे, नाभि से लगभग दो इंच की दूरी पर
भुजा: ऊपरी भुजा के पीछे या बगल में
जांघ: जांघ के सामने
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के माध्यम से दी जाने वाली दवाओं के रूप

दवा: तरल दवा की शीशियां सिंगल यूज या मुलती यूज हो सकती हैं। शीशियों को एक पाउडर से भी भरा जा सकता है जिसमें तरल को जोड़ने की आवश्यकता होती है।
सीरिंज: सुइयां मात्र 5/8 इंच लंबी होती हैं। सुई की मोटाई आमतौर पर 25 या 27 गेज होती है। 1 एमएल से अधिक या बच्चों या दृष्टिबाधित लोगों को इस माध्यम से सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन दिया जा सकता है।
ऑटो-इंजेक्टर पेन: कुछ दवाएं पेन में उपलब्ध होती हैं। इसे एक बार ही उपयोग में लाया जा सकता है। इसमें पहले से ही सुई लगी होती है। आवश्यक दवा पर्याप्त मात्रा पहले से ही मौजूद रहती है। एपिनेफ्रीन जैसी आपातकालीन दवाएं भी इस रूप में आ सकती हैं।
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने का सही तरीका
संभावित संक्रमण को रोकने के लिए अपने हाथों को साबुन और गर्म पानी से धोएं। उंगलियों के बीच, हाथों के पीछे और नाखूनों के नीचे अच्छी तरह से स्क्रब करना चाहिए। रोग नियंत्रण और रोकथाम केंद्र (सीडीसी) अपने हाथों को सुखाने के लिए 20 सेकंड के लिए ताली बजाने की सलाह देता है।
इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन में इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली सभी चीजों को इकट्ठा करें। जैसे दवा या ऑटो-इंजेक्टर पेन के साथ सुई और सिरिंज, इंजेक्शन को लगाने वाली त्वचा को साफ करने के लिए अल्कोहल पैड, सुई को हटाने के लिए शार्प कंटेनर और पट्टियां।
उस जगह की सफाई और निरीक्षण करें, जहां इंजेक्शन लगाना हो। दवा इंजेक्ट करने से पहले, यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए अपनी त्वचा का निरीक्षण करें कि क्षेत्र में कोई चोट, जलन, सूजनतो नहीं है। बार-बार इंजेक्शन वाले क्षेत्र को नुकसान से बचाने के लिए शरीर में किसी अन्य स्थान का चयन भी पहले से ही कर लेना चाहिए जहां इंजेक्शन लगाया जा सकता हो। फिर आपको एल्कोहल पैड से त्वचा को साफ करना चाहिए। इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले अल्कोहल को अच्छी तरह सूखने दें।
दवा के साथ सिरिंज तैयार करें। शीशी से दवा वापस लेने और खुद को या किसी और को इंजेक्शन लगाने से पहले, सुनिश्चित करें कि आप सही दवा का उपयोग सही मात्रा में, सही समय पर और सही तरीके से कर रहे हैं। प्रत्येक इंजेक्शन के साथ एक नई सुई और सिरिंज का प्रयोग करें।
कैसे तैयार करें एक सिरिंज
शीशी से ढक्कन हटा दें। यदि शीशी मल्टीडोज है, तो इस बात पर ध्यान दें कि शीशी को पहली बार कब खोला गया था। रबर स्टॉपर को अल्कोहल पैड से साफ किया जाना चाहिए।
जिस खुराक को आप इंजेक्ट कर रहे हैं, उस तक सिरिंज को हवा से भरने के लिए प्लंजर को वापस खींचें। ऐसा इसलिए किया जाता है क्योंकि शीशी वैक्यूम होती है, और आपको दबाव को नियंत्रित करने के लिए समान मात्रा में हवा जोड़ने की आवश्यकता होती है। इससे दवा को सिरिंज में खींचना आसान हो जाता है। हालांकि, यदि आप इस चरण को भूल जाते हैं, तब भी आप दवा को शीशी से बाहर निकाल सकते हैं।
सुई से टोपी निकालें और शीशी के शीर्ष पर रबर डाट के माध्यम से सुई को धक्का दें। सारी हवा शीशी में डालें। इसे साफ रखने के लिए सुई को छूना नहीं चाहिए।
शीशी और सीरिंज को उल्टा कर दें। सुई ऊपर की ओर रहनी चाहिए। फिर दवा की सही मात्रा निकालने के लिए प्लंजर को वापस खींच लें। सीरिंज में अगर कोई बुलबुला नजर आ रहा है तो उसे हटा दें। बुलबुले को हटाने के लिए सिरिंज को टैप करें और हवा के बुलबुले को बाहर धकेलने के लिए प्लंजर को धीरे से दबाएं।
अब अपने अंगूठे और तर्जनी के बीच की त्वचा की एक बड़ी चुटकी लें और इसे पकड़ें। (आपका अंगूठा और तर्जनी लगभग एक इंच और डेढ़ इंच अलग होनी चाहिए।) यह वसायुक्त ऊतक को मांसपेशियों से दूर खींचती है और इंजेक्शन को आसान बनाती है।
90 डिग्री के कोण पर पिंच की हुई त्वचा में सुई डालें। आपको इसे जल्दी करना चाहिए, लेकिन बिना ज्यादा ताकत के। यदि आपके शरीर पर बहुत कम वसा है, तो आपको सुई को त्वचा पर 45 डिग्री के कोण पर इंजेक्ट करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है।
दवा इंजेक्ट करने के लिए प्लंजर को धीरे-धीरे दबाएं। आपको दवा की पूरी मात्रा इंजेक्ट करनी चाहिए।
दबी हुई त्वचा को छोड़ दें और सुई को बाहर निकाल लें। उपयोग की गई सुई को पंचर-प्रतिरोधी शार्प के कंटेनर में छोड़ दें।
इंजेक्शन साइट पर हल्का दबाव लागू करने के लिए मुलायम कपड़े का प्रयोग करें। अगर कोई खून बह रहा है, तो यह बहुत मामूली होना चाहिए। आपको बाद में थोड़ी चोट लग सकती है। यह सामान्य बात है और इसमें चिंतित होने की कोई बात नहीं है।
सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन के दुष्परिणाम
रोजाना सबक्यूटेनियस इंजेक्शन लगाने वालों को इस बात का ध्यान जरूर रखना चाहिए कि कहीं आप एक ही जगह पर एक से अधिक बार या कई दिनों से इंजेक्शन तो नहीं लगा रहे हैं, क्योंकि ऐसे इंजेक्शन लगाने के लिए शरीर के स्थान को बदलना आवश्यक है। इसका मतलब है कि आपको एक ही स्थान पर लगातार दो बार दवा इंजेक्ट नहीं करनी चाहिए।

उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आपने आज सुबह अपनी बाईं जांघ में दवा का इंजेक्शन लगाया है, तो आज दोपहर अपनी दाहिनी जांघ का उपयोग करें। एक ही जगह पर इंजेक्शन का बार-बार उपयोग करने से असुविधा हो सकती है और ऊतक क्षति भी हो सकती है।

जैसा कि किसी भी इंजेक्शन प्रक्रिया के साथ होता है, इंजेक्शन की जगह पर संक्रमण होने की संभावना होती है। इंजेक्शन स्थल पर संक्रमण के लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:

गंभीर दर्द
लालपन
सूजन
गर्मी या जल निकासी
इन लक्षणों को तुरंत अपने डॉक्टर को सूचित किया जाना चाहिए।
1 person found this helpful

10 Dietary Tips for Fast Recovery From Tuberculosis

Ayurvedic Doctor,
10 Dietary Tips for Fast Recovery From Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis can be categorized as an infectious disease which can turn out to be very dangerous if not checked or taken care of properly in time. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease which spreads through a bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis.

;

This disease is generally developed and observed in people who are undernourished and do not have a balanced diet. Now, there is a substance to combat tuberculosis as found by researchers which is named as lactone ez120, this interferes with the formation of bacteria's mycomembrane.

;

The substance which the researchers have found is seen to have an action which inhibits biosynthesis of the mycomembrane and oftenly kills it with immediate effect.



Few symptoms could be seen if a person has been infected with tuberculosis such as loss of weight, weakness and shortness of breath. ;



So, there are certain foods whose consumption could turn out to be very beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis. And if a person has an intake of these healthy foods then this is surely going to help him dealing with the disease.

;

Few foods which have proved helpful for a good recovery from tuberculosis:





High calories intake: food rich in calories means food which has so many nutrients. This nutrient rich food could be seen meeting up the rising metabolic demands of the patient. This food is surely going to prevent the patient from having any further weight loss. Some food products such as banana, cereal porridge, peanut chikki, wheat and ragi prove so helpful and beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis.


Food rich in vitamin a, c and e: some food and vegetable products such as orange, mango, sweet pumpkin and carrots, guava, amla, tomato, nuts and seeds could be seen as an excellent source of vitamin a, c and e. These are the must-have food products which are to be included in a patient's diet who is suffering from tuberculosis.


Protein rich food: appetite loss is a serious problem faced by a tuberculosis patient. So, it is necessary for the patient that they have food products introduced in their diet which are very rich in protein content. There are food products which are very rich in protein content such as eggs, paneer and soya chunks belong to this category. These food products are known to provide the required amount of energy to the patient with absorption of it by the body of the patient. One thing should be kept in mind that these protein rich products should be easily digested by the patient without putting much stress to the patient's food pipe.


Food rich in b complex vitamin: seeds, nuts, fish, chicken, grains and cereals are some products which are known to have very high content of vitamin b complexes. These food products are known to be taken in a moderate amount by the patient suffering from tuberculosis. This is done to prevent any kind of adverse effect of vitamin b complex overtake.


Food rich in zinc: nuts and seeds are known to be a great source of zinc which provides our body with the essential nutrients that it requires. Nuts and seeds like sunflower seeds, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds and flaxseeds have proven to be very beneficial for a patient having tuberculosis. If these certain food products are introduced and included in a patient's daily diet program he will surely be able to fight disease in a much more effective manner. ;


Water: water should be drunk in excessive quantities by the patient. The patient should have water and ors type of liquids to drink (spoonful of honey with warm water and fresh lemon juice). This ors type of drink will surely prove to be very helpful because it has citrus fruits like lemon, oranges, etc involved which are known greatly for their effect of increasing immunity of a person. This increase in immunity means faster recovery for a patient.


Seasonal vegetables and fruits: these food products can be given to the patient because they will easily make the patient feel full as they are too filling. But some precautions are to be taken like these vegetables and fruits should not be given to the patient in place of essential food products which are important for proteins, carbs and healthy fats. These vegetables and fruits should be taken in adequate amounts because they are rich in so much fiber and the patient is restful which can prove to have an adverse effect like bloating up.


Simple carbs and fats: the patient's diet should have coarse grains, potatoes, oats and boiled rice which are in the category of simple carbs whereas maida or refined flour, pizza, burgers, and every other processed and packaged food should be avoided because they fall in the category of bad carbs. Fats (all of them) are considered to be a bad effect for the liver. But healthy fats like a spoon of pure ghee or butter, various nuts (soaked and peeled almonds, peanuts, walnuts, cashews, dry roasted chana) are arranged in minimal quantities. Carbohydrates are to be taken in the same amount as proteins. ;


Soups or boiled foods: for non vegetarians they can have chicken soup without any cream. For vegetarians they can have various boiled food products such as chickpea. And they can also use the clear liquid in which the chickpea was soaked as a soup after boiling it.


Milk: milk has a lot of proteins which can help the patient go through the full day's activities. If the milk is given to the patient in the form of a milk shake (not thick, to avoid stress to the food pipe) by adding a variety of fruits such as mango, banana, berries of different kinds (strawberry, blueberry etc). This shake will help the patient to have carbohydrate along with protein in his diet which will be a good energy booster and thus, increase the metabolism for the patient.



;

Tuberculosis is known to have a very great effect on the life of the infected person. A healthy and a balanced diet enhances and ensures quick recovery for the patient and quality of life. After a patient has recovered from tuberculosis this will improve your productivity in life (post recovery).
3 people found this helpful

Know Few Amazing Facts About World Blood Donor Day!

Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery (BAMS)
Ayurvedic Doctor, Lakhimpur Kheri
Know Few Amazing Facts About World Blood Donor Day!
Blood donation is a noble cause. We should all make it a point to donate blood at least once a year. This small action on our part can save many lives. People who have been in an accident and lost a lot of blood, people diagnosed with liver disorders, acute anaemia, blood infection, women giving birth and all surgeries need blood transfusion. And that is why there is a World Blood Donor Day (14th June 2020) which is meant to spread awareness on the importance of donating blood and how it can be done safely without the risk of spreading infection.

Let us take a look at some interesting facts regarding blood donation and Blood Donors Day

The campaign for the World Blood Donor Day is managed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

WHO considers safe blood donation and sufficient blood supply to be the foundation of the healthcare service and with that goal, it launched the World Blood Donor Day.

World Blood Donor Day commemorates the birth anniversary of the scientist Karl Landsteiner, who made the groundbreaking discovery of blood groups and for which he won the Nobel Prize in physiology.

The first-ever World Blood Donor Day was organised in 2004.

The World Blood Donor Day also celebrates the voluntary act of uncountable people who out of the goodness of their hearts donate blood in service of humanity and to save lives.

An adult human can donate half a litre of blood (1 unit) once every three months. And depending on how much blood the recipients need, one unit can come to the aid of up to 3 people.

What makes the World Blood Donor Day a very important event in the WHO calendar is that blood cannot be manufactured with technology. It has to come from humans to save other humans. And this day is utilized by WHO to appeal to us to do our duty towards our fellow humans.

It is vital for every medical care facility to have access to a steady blood supply, many forms of illnesses such as cancers require blood transfusion before treatment can start or continue. That is why blood needs to be donated all throughout the year.

Women who are menstruation or are pregnant cannot donate blood because the loss of even 1 unit of blood can have a detrimental effect on their bodies.

Throughout the world, blood donation banks allow people of the age group 18-65 to donate blood. This directive was issued by the WHO.

The person who wants to donate blood must weigh at least 50 kilos.

Certain common illnesses may bar you from donating blood such as cough and cold, sore throat, an infection, tummy bug etc.

This World Blood Donor Day, pledge to donate blood. Visit your nearest blood donation camp and get yourself registered.

Focus on the Crosstalk Between COVID-19 and Urogenital Systems!

M.Ch - Urology/Genito-Urinary Surgery, MS surgery, MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
Urologist, Patna
Focus on the Crosstalk Between COVID-19 and Urogenital Systems!
Not only capable of causing respiratory illness,
Covid-19 might also wreak havoc with other organ systems, including the urogenital systems.

More attention should be paid to chronic urological histories of inpatients with covid-19. It has been suggested that covid-19 is more likely to infect older adults with serious comorbid conditions, including chronic renal disease and urological malignancies and weaker immune system.

For example, uremic patients are particularly susceptible to sars-cov-2 infection and may exhibit greater variations in infectious and clinical symptoms.

Therefore, we suggest that clinicians assess all un- derlying urological diseases of patients while treating covid-19, especially older individuals with serious comorbid conditions.

Conclusion, various urogenital illnesses can be induced by virus, and may exacerbate and even cause life-threatening conditions without careful surveillance.
Conversely, individuals with chronic urinary diseases may have increased susceptibility to covid-19 and such underlying comorbidities may result in a poor prognosis without more health care.
Issued in public interest.

Prevention From Infection!

MSc Food & Nutrition, BSc Nutrition, Food Service Management & Dietetics
Dietitian/Nutritionist, Chennai
Prevention From Infection!
Wash your fruits & vegetables in salt -turmeric mixed water before using.

Wash your vegetables & fruits thoroughly in water. Dissolve a pinch of turmeric & 1tsp salt in warm water, soak vegetables & fruits in it for 10 minutes before using. It helps to remove infections & contaminants.

Urinary Infection - How To Tackle It?

MBBS, MS - Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Gynaecologist, Allahabad
Urinary Infection - How To Tackle It?
Urinary infection is one widespread disorder that most of human beings face in the later stages of their lives. The infection is experienced mostly by half of the women and according to statistical data, it has been noted that about 40% of women and 12% of men get infected with urinary infection. Women who are sexually active have more possibilities to get this infection. It is an infection suffered by many people and, which is more vulnerable to children and women.

The symptoms that are identified for a person with urinary infection are frequent urination and burning sensation at the time of passing urine. In certain cases, women even experience leaking of urine while sleeping. It is advised not to take this condition casually as it can lead to further complications, and medications need to be taken to reduce the discomfort caused.

Main Causes of Urinary Infection

- The main reason why urinary infection is caused is due to a bacterium that moves from the urinary duct into the urinary bladder.

- The other main reasons for urinary tract infection are due to sexual intercourse, pregnancy and diabetes.

- There are chances to get urinary infection if a person has sex with many partners

- In most women, urinary infection is caused due to hormonal imbalance after menopause

- Women should not hold back the urge for urinating frequently, as it can weaken the bladder and makes it prone to urinary infection.

Treatment for Urinary Infection

There are simple and helpful home remedies that can be used for the treatment of urinary infection, and these include

- It is very necessary to drink a lot of water, as it would help flush the bacteria from the bladder that causes the infection. It is advisable to drink at least 80 ounces of water on a daily basis.

- It is advisable to eat foods rich in Vitamin C as they are helpful in making the urine more acidic, and it inhibits further growth of the bacterium in the urinary tract.

- It is very important that spicy foods and bladder irritants like caffeine, carbonated drinks and artificial sweeteners be cut from the diet to reduce the irritation.

- It is very important to include healthy foods in your diet, and that are rich in high-fibre carbohydrates and helpful in the digestive health of your body.

- Herbal remedies can opt for treatment of urinary tract infection, and the leaves of bearberry are used for this purpose.

- Most importantly, it is very necessary to adopt healthier habits and quit smoking. Women should wear loose clothing and make use of personal hygiene products that are free from any fragrance.
1412 people found this helpful

Ear Discharge - Know All About It!

DNB (ENT), MBBS, MNAMS - Otorhinolaryngology
ENT Specialist, Gurgaon
Ear Discharge - Know All About It!
Discharge from the ear is medically termed as otorrhea. This discharge can be white (clear), yellow, brown, bloody, or pus (purulent). Also, it can be offensive (smelly) or non-offensive. Discharge can be due to the pathologies of the ear canal, middle ear, or, rarely, from inside the skull. There are many causes of ear discharge, some are:

Earwax- Wax is a brown, sticky discharge from the ear. The wax formation is a normal process. It is a protective mechanism of the body. It protects the ear from dust, bacteria, viruses, or any foreign bodies entering inside. Sometimes excess of wax can be a problem. That s why it should be removed regularly.
Infection- It is one of the most common reasons for discharge from the ear. It occurs when the middle ear is infected with bacteria or viruses. This causes fluid to build up in the ear, which leads to ear discharge. Generally, the discharge is yellowish due to pus and offensive because of the infection.
Swimmer s ear- It is medically termed as otitis externa. It occurs when the ear canal is infected with bacteria or virus. Mostly, this condition is due to long hours of swimming; too much moisture in the ear can rupture the wall of the ear canal through which the infection enters in the ear canal. Also, this can be due to eczema or any foreign body in the ear which can rupture the wall.
Trauma- This can be due to the cotton swab while cleansing your ear if you insert or push it too deep. Also, this can be due to altitude changes such as seen in scuba diving or while flying in the aeroplane. This can cause rupture of the ear drum leading to ear discharge. Acoustic trauma- This type of trauma occurs due to loud noises which rupture the eardrum and can cause discharge from the ear.
Necrotizing or malignant otitis externa- This condition is very rare. This condition can occur as a complication of otitis externa, or in immunocompromised patients, or in those suffering from diabetes. This can cause damage to the cartilage and bones in the base of the skull which is responsible for the ear discharge. It can be clear fluid due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is present in the brain.
Cholesteatoma- It s a noncancerous growth of skin cells in the middle ear leading to discharge from the ear.
Mastoiditis- It is due to infection of the mastoid bone which can cause discharge from the ear. Even this condition is very rarely seen.
Fracture of the skull- Fracture in any of the bones in the skull can lead to discharge from the ear.
Head injury- It s an emergency. Bloody discharge from the ear can be present.
2090 people found this helpful

Urinary Infection - How To Get Rid Of It?

MBBS, MS - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fellowship in Minimal Lab Spine Surgery
Gynaecologist, Bangalore
Urinary Infection - How To Get Rid Of It?
Urinary infection is one widespread disorder that most of human beings face in the later stages of their lives. The infection is experienced mostly by half of the women and according to statistical data, it has been noted that about 40% of women and 12% of men get infected with urinary infection. Women who are sexually active have more possibilities to get this infection. It is an infection suffered by many people and, which is more vulnerable to children and women.

The symptoms that are identified for a person with urinary infection are frequent urination and burning sensation at the time of passing urine. In certain cases, women even experience leaking of urine while sleeping. It is advised not to take this condition casually as it can lead to further complications, and medications need to be taken to reduce the discomfort caused.

Main Causes of Urinary Infection

- The main reason why urinary infection is caused is due to a bacterium that moves from the urinary duct into the urinary bladder.

- The other main reasons for urinary tract infection are due to sexual intercourse, pregnancy and diabetes.

- There are chances to get a urinary infection if a person has sex with many partners

- In most women, urinary infection is caused due to hormonal imbalance after menopause

- Women should not hold back the urge for urinating frequently, as it can weaken the bladder and makes it prone to urinary infection.

Treatment for Urinary Infection

There are simple and helpful home remedies that can be used for the treatment of urinary infection, and these include

- It is very necessary to drink a lot of water, as it would help flush the bacteria from the bladder that causes the infection. It is advisable to drink at least 80 ounces of water on a daily basis.

- It is advisable to eat foods rich in Vitamin C as they are helpful in making the urine more acidic, and it inhibits further growth of the bacterium in the urinary tract.

- It is very important that spicy foods and bladder irritants like caffeine, carbonated drinks and artificial sweeteners be cut from the diet to reduce the irritation.

- It is very important to include healthy foods in your diet, and that are rich in high-fibre carbohydrates and helpful in the digestive health of your body.

- Herbal remedies can be taken for treatment of urinary tract infection, and the leaves of bearberry are used for this purpose.

- Most importantly, it is very necessary to adopt healthier habits and quit smoking. Women should wear loose clothing and make use of personal hygiene products that are free from any fragrance.
1862 people found this helpful

Cold Sores - How Primary Infections Can Be Treated?

MBBS, Diploma in Venerology & Dermatology (DVD), DDV, MD - Dermatology , Venereology & Leprosy
Dermatologist, Pune
Cold Sores - How Primary Infections Can Be Treated?
Cold sores are typically caused by the herpes simplex virus and are characterized by small blisters that develop around the lips and mouth. However, some people do not showcase any symptoms at all. The mouth is the most affected area as the skin in this area is not as resistant to the virus as skin on other parts of the body. It can also occur on the chin, nose or cheeks. Cold sores are communicable through skin contact. This condition can also be triggered by stress.


The first time this virus affects is a person is known as the primary infection. Some of the symptoms of cold sores are
- Blisters on the mouth, lips, tongue, throat or gums. These blisters may be dry or oozing.
- Pain while swallowing or eating due to ulcers and blisters.
- Swollen neck glands
- High fever accompanied by body ache


An outbreak of cold sores usually lasts about a week. Once the primary infection is over the virus is not eliminated from the body but remains dormant in a nerve sheath. Recurrent cold sores may not cause severe mouth infections as with primary infections but can be quite unpleasant. In most cases, recurrent cold sores erupt in the same area as the primary infection. Some of the ways to treat primary infections are:


- Painkillers
Over the counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can help ease the pain.
- Chlorhexidine mouthwash
This can be used in place or brushing in case of painful sores inside the mouth. It can also prevent plaque buildup and secondary gum infection.
- Antiviral medication
If taken at the onset of a cold sore infection, this can reduce the pain associated with it and shorten the duration of the infection. This also prevents the virus from multiplying.
As cold sores are communicable, it is important to prevent it from spreading. Some ways of containing this infection are:
- Wash your hands with soap and water after touching your mouth or the sores.
- Avoid touching the cold sores
- Abstain from oral sex
- Do not share items that come in contact with the infected area like lip balms, towels, cutlery etc.

If the symptoms do not subside within 5 days, visit a doctor immediately. Consult a doctor is you have frequent bouts of cold sores or suffer from a severe case of the disease. Pregnant women and mothers with young babies who suffer from the disease should also seek prompt medical attention.
8951 people found this helpful