IHC, Beta Catenin Test

The IHC Beta Catenin test is a test that is used to detect mutations in the gene Beta Catenin. Beta Catenin is a protein that helps in the generation, development and differentiation of cells. It also helps in cell adhesion and the development of the embryo. The levels of the Beta Catenin in the blood are regulated by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein. Variation in this protein or in the Beta Catenin itself can lead to unnatural accumulation or increase in the levels of Beta Catenin and can be indicative of tumors in the soft tissues of various organs including the lungs, pancreas and ovaries.

There is no special preparation required for the test. Inform the doctor about prior medical history and medications being taken, for specific instructions.

In case of normal Beta Catenin levels, the staining is limited to the membrane. In case of abnormal tissues there is nuclear staining as well or staining of the cytoplasm of the cell. Used for detection of various cancers like colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and liver cancer.

Tissue samples are collected from the patients through a biopsy or other procedures. The samples are embedded with paraffin wax and studied on slides. Tissue immunohistochemistry is performed. The immunoreactivity (which is a measure of the reaction of the immune system to an antigen) is measured by the percentage of positive stained cells and by the intensity is measured through the stained level of proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells or tissue.