Pleural Fluid - LDH Tips

1. Dr. Subhash tiwari

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/akola/doctor/dr-subhash-tiwari-general-physician

Pgd maternal child health, mbbs, general physician, akola

47 years experience 150 at clinic 200 online

He really is in the medical community for his work as a family doctor. As a doctor, he has extensive training and experience in a wide range of areas. After earning his mbbs from government medical college, nagpur in 1975, he completed a postgraduate diploma in maternal and child health at bjmc, an institution widely regarded for its excellence in clinical education. ;

The doctor's expertise isn't restricted to working with adults, he also has a great deal of practise dealing with the unique medical challenges that children encounter. He is well-respected in his field, thanks to his membership in the ima college of general practitioners, which allows him to participate in a variety of seminars and continuing medical education courses.

2. Dr. Santosh pimparkar

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-santosh-pimparkar-general-physician

Bachelor of ayurveda, medicine and surgery (bams), ms, general physician, pune

19 years experience 100 at clinic

He has earned a stellar reputation as a physician of many specialties. Furthermore, he is an advanced endoscopic interventional surgeon with extensive training and experience in a wide range of subspecialties. He attended prestigious schools for his clinical training, earning his bachelor of ayurveda, medicine, and surgery (bams) from cssmss ayurveda college in aurangabad in 2003 and his master of surgery (ms) from muhs nashik university in 2017. ;

He has spent years serving as a consultant at a number of famous hospitals and organisations, during which time he has earned a reputation for excellence for the exceptional quality of his work.

3. Dr. Amit malik

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-amit-malik-general-physician

General physician, pune

500 online

He has earned a stellar reputation as a physician of many specialties among his many areas of expertise is the treatment of spinal pain. As a result of his prompt treatment, mental health diseases tend to be less severe and less persistent, earning him a reputation as an authority in the field. His area of expertise is trichology, and he has helped hundreds of patients with hair loss due to genital or metabolic causes including pattern baldness, alopecia keratosis, protein shortage, or vitamin d3 deficiency. When it comes to immunodeficiency diseases, he is your man.

4. Dr. Salma siddiqui

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-salma-siddiqui-general-physician ;

Mbbs bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery, dnb - general medicine,

General physician, pune

18 years experience 400 at clinic 350 online

Dr. Salma is a renowned physician who works as a general physician. In addition, she is specialised and trained in various fields as a diabetologist and a thyroid specialist. Dr. Salma received her higher clinical education from esteemed institutions such as rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, bangalore where she received her mbbs, bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery degree in 2004. In addition, Dr. Salma is board certified in diabetes and thyroid disorders.

In 2006, she also completed a fellowship in critical care at indraprastha apollo hospitals. She holds a dnb in general medicine, which she received from medical trust hospital in kurla. As a general physician at swasthya clinic and at kerala general physician in karnataka, she has previous experience working in a variety of notable hospitals and organisations. Patients who suffer from rhinitis as well as oral and throat infections are some of the patients she treats in her capacity as a rhinologist. ;

She is a specialist in diabetes, but she also treats patients who have diseases related to the endocrine system. Patients who suffer from problems such as piles, fistula, and haemorrhoids are able to receive treatment from her because she is an expert in both anorectal disorders and infectious infections.

5. Dr. K g agrawal

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-k-g-agrawal-cardiologist

Mbbs bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery, md - medicine

General physician, pune

50 years experience 400 at clinic

Dr. Agarwal is a well-respected medical practitioner who works in the field of general medicine. He is highly skilled and knowledgeable in a variety of areas as a diabetologist. In addition to that, he is a consultant in the field of internal medicine. He offers his services to couples and people who are struggling with infertility, and is a specialist in the field of cardiology.

Patients who suffer from head pain, specifically migraines and headaches, are the primary focus of his practice. He has received his higher clinical education from esteemed institutions, like getting an mbbs (bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery) from rani durgawati vishwa vidyalaya of jabalpur in 1972, and also earning his md in medicine from there too. ;

6. Dr. Abhay a mali

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-abhay-a-mali-general-physician

Mbbs, diploma in diabetology

General physician, pune

17 years experience 700 at clinic 250 online

He is a well-respected health professional who practises as a general practitioner. In addition to that, he is highly skilled and knowledgeable in a variety of areas as a diabetologist. When it comes to the treatment of hepatobiliary illnesses and disorders of the gastrointestinal system, such as cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, severe liver disorders, recurrent liver disorders, ulcerative colitis, etc, he is well-known for his extensive experience as well as his excellent reputation. ;

He also addresses myocardial disorders. Patients who come to him with skin disorders such as psoriasis and infections caused by microbial pathogens are among those he treats in his capacity as a dermatologist.

A bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (mbbs) degree from mumbai university was awarded to him in 2005, and he went on to earn a diploma in diabetology in 2011. Both of these degrees were from highly regarded educational institutions. ;

7. Dr. Alhat madhuri

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-alhat-madhuri-general-physician

Mbbs, md - medicine

General physician, pune

26 years experience 200 at clinic

She practises as a general physician and she is well known for her expertise in the medical profession. In addition, she has extensive knowledge and experience in a wide range of subspecialties. Patients who suffer from problems such as piles, fistula, and haemorrhoids are able to receive treatment from her because she is an expert in both perianal disorders and contagious infections.

In addition to that, she is a consultant in the field of internal medicine. She completed her undergraduate studies in mbbs and then went on to earn her md in medicine from miraj medical college in the year 2000. Both of these degrees are considered to be among the highest levels of clinical education available. As a member of the indian medical association, she is well recognised as an authority and regularly participates in continuing medical education (cme) events such as lectures and workshops (ima).

8. Dr. Wategaonkar ravikumar narayan

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-wategaonkar-ravikumar-narayan-general-physician ;

Mbbs, md - medicine, dm - paediatric oncology

General physician, pune

17 years of experience 500 at clinic

He is a well-respected medical professional who practises as a general practitioner. He earned his mbbs and md in medicine from the prestigious b. J. Medical college in pune in 2010, allowing him to practise medicine after completing his advanced clinical study at prestigious institutes. In 2014, he also graduated with a doctor of medicine degree in paediatric oncology from b. J. Medical college in ahmedabad. As a member of the indian society of medical and paediatric oncology, he is considered an authority in his field and regularly participates in continuing medical education (cme) events such as seminars and workshops (ismpo).

9. Dr. Ganesh p rajguru

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-ganesh-p-rajguru-general-physician 

Mbbs, diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases (dtcd), indian diploma in critical care course general physician, pune

17 years of experience 0 at clinic

He is known as a famed doctor working as a general practitioner. He works with sensitive patients who are suffering from heart conditions such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, and illnesses such as arteriosclerosis, among other cardiovascular concerns, because he is an experienced and accurate surgeon. Patients who suffer from seizures and migraine are the focus of his treatment. He is a highly qualified medical professional who works in treatment facilities as a pain management and obesity specialist. 

In this capacity, he provides medical care to patients who are afflicted with a range of conditions as a result of the decisions they have made regarding their way of life. In 2005, he graduated with a higher clinical education from the srtr medical college, and in 2010, he graduated from the medical college of pune. Both of these colleges are highly regarded. Additionally, in 2014, he graduated from the indian diploma in critical care course (idcc) offered by the aditya birla hospital in pune.

10 Dr. Abhinav mohindra

Https://www. Lybrate. Com/pune/doctor/dr-abhinav-mohindra-general-physician

 Mbbs dnb general medicine

4 years experience 150 at clinic 400 online

 

He has been a general practitioner in this industry for the past four years and has built a solid reputation for himself when he first opened his medical practice. He is an excellent general practitioner since he is able to treat a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, arthritis, hypertension, as well as fever and diarrhea. In addition to his expertise in internal medicine, he holds two degrees in the medical field: an undergraduate degree in the form of an mbbs from adesh institute of dental sciences research in 2018 and a postgraduate degree in the form of a dnb in general medicine from ruby hall clinic in pune in 2022. Both of these degrees were earned in the difference of four years.

 



 

 

Dr. K. K. Reddy
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-k-k-reddy-pulmonologist
Mbbs diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases dtcd
27 years experience - 350 at clinic

He has significant medical knowledge in pulmonology and is well recognised as a leading medical expert. A name like his would be hard to forget. Professionalism was refined during his 1995 graduation from the mbbs at osmania medical college in hyderabad, from which he received high honours.
A large number of patients with the utmost care and precision at several prestigious facilities, including as a consultant at st. Theresa hospital in erragadda, and also at anupama hospital and prasad hospital. He is well-known within the medical community in kukatpally, where he often gives talks at cme events for doctors.

Dr. K prasanna kumar reddy
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-k-prasanna-kumar-reddy-pulmonologist

Fccp usa dnb diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases dtcd
14 years experience - 400 at clinic


Doctor reddy is eagerly trained as a chest physician, pulmonologist, and somnologist to acquire clinical experience in the field of pulmonology. His efforts resulted in distinguished degrees from the fccp. He knows everything there is to know about this subject matter. ;
The national board of new delhi awarded him a diploma in tuberculosis and chest diseases (dtcd) in 2008 from guntur medical college in guntur, india. He is a well-respected member of the european respiratory society, the american college of chest physicians, and the indian chest society and has spoken at several postgraduate medical workshops and seminars.
Dr. Chandra mohan
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-chandra-mohan-pulmonologist-1

Mbbs dtcd
16 years experience - 300 online

He is a renowned physician who possesses clinical expertise in the field of pulmonary medicine, having precise and absolute knowledge of working in the field as a pulmonologist and an asthma specialist, also working as a chest physician and an allergist, treating needy patients.
He is also an hiv specialist, treating patients as a sleep specialist. He earned his expertise in prestigious degrees such as mbbs and dtcd of osmania medical college in 2006. As a registrar at mahavir hospital, he provides treatment to a number of patients at a variety of well-known institutions using the highest level of caution and accuracy. He has worked as a consultant at the yashoda hospital in secunderabad, at the oxygen hospital, at the kamala hospital, and also at the ikon hospital in dilsukhnagar.
Dr. Rikin hasnani
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-rikin-hasnani-pulmonologist
Md mbbs
12 years experience - 350 at clinic - 700 online

Dr. Hasnani's clinical experience in the field of pulmonary medicine was achieved via the completion of a prominent degree of doctor of medicine and a doctor of surgery. He is known as a distinguished physician. In 2010, he worked at the chalmeda anand rao institute of medical sciences, and in 2017, he had treatment training at svs medical college and hospital. ;
He is a renowned physician with clinical expertise in the field. He has done his postgraduate from svs medical college and hospital, worked as a resident at nova super speciality hospital, as a hospital resident at care nampally, registrar at olive hospital, senior resident at gandhi hospital, and consultant at udai omni hospital. He has treated many of his patients with the utmost care and precision at various reputed institutions.

Dr. Pradeep simha karur
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-pradeep-simha-karur-pulmonologist
Mbbs mrcp uk cct respiratory medicine
17 years experience - 500 at clinic - 500 online

He has extensive experience as a pulmonologist general physician and holds significant degrees in the area from bangalore medical college and research institute bangalore, where he studied medicine. He is a well-respected physician with training in pulmonary medicine, having completed mrcp in 2010 and the cct- respiratory medicine in 2013, both from the royal college of physicians of the united kingdom.
He has served as a clinical research fellow at university hospital of south manchester, a pulmonologist at the Dr. Pradeep simcha chest clinic, and a pulmonologist at the redhead lyfe, as well as a consultant pulmonologist at sheffield teaching hospital. He was also a participant and presenter at several cme workshops and seminars associated with the british thoracic society, the european thoracic society, and the respiratory society.


Dr. Methuku narendar
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-methuku-narendar-pulmonologist

Md - pulmonary medicine, mbbs
31 years experience - 400 at clinic

Doctor narendra is a renowned respiratory expert and an intellectual of pulmonary medicine before and during his time as a chest physician and as a professional pulmonologist. He received the md in pulmonary medicine and the mbbs from osmania medical college in hyderabad, making him a well-known physician with clinical skill in the field of pulmonary medicine. ;
He treats respiratory disorders including asthma, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, coronary obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. He is a prominent member of the european respiratory society (ers), indian chest society (ics), american thoracic society (ats), nccp (american college of chest physicians), and european society of bronchology and interventional pulmonology (esbip), he attended numerous continuing medical education (cme) workshops and seminars.
Dr. Radhika sharma
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-radhika-sharma-pulmonologist

Md - tuberculosis respiratory diseases pulmonary medicine
Mbbs 12 years experience - 500 at clinic - 500 online

He is well recognised as a skilled physician and pioneering pulmonologist. He is a doctor who specialises in infectious illnesses and has to have a sharp mind and good recall. Asthma, various allergic respiratory disorders, bronchitis, emphysema, copd, and lung cancer are his areas of expertise as well as a paediatric pulmonologist. He attended the highly acclaimed nanjing medical university for his mbbs in 2010. He earned his md in 2017 from chettinad medical college in tamilnadu, india.

Dr. Raju ch
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-raju-ch-pulmonologist

Mbbs md pulmonary medicine
16 years experience - 400 at clinic

In the medical community, he is well regarded for his knowledge and experience in pulmonary medicine. He graduated with an mbbs from svs medical college in 2006 and an md in pulmonary medicine from mamata medical college of khammam in 2012, establishing him as a specialist with unrivalled knowledge in his area as a chest physician and paediatric pulmonologist. As a member and frequent speaker at fcc and cme workshops and seminars, he is well-known in the indian medical community and among the nccp.

Dr. Arun kanala
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-arun-kanala-pulmonologist

Fellowship in minimal access surgery mch cardio thoracic vascular surgery
14 years experience - 600 at clinic

He is well-respected in the medical community for his expertise as a pulmonologist. Accuracy and precision are necessities in the field of surgical oncology. Asthma and bronchitis are among the examples of the respiratory illnesses he treats. ;
He holds a fellowship in minimally invasive surgery from osmania medical college in hyderabad (2010), an mch in cardiothoracic vascular surgery from harvard medical school in the united states (2008), and a fellowship in minimally invasive surgery from the same institution in 2012.
He has treated many patients with the utmost care and precision throughout his time as a clinical fellow at brigham women's hospital in boston and a consultant at government chest hospital. A prominent member of the association of thoracic surgeons of the united states. He has also attended various continuing medical education workshops and seminars.


Dr. Sandeep raj bharma
Https://www. Lybrate. Com/hyderabad/doctor/dr-sandeep-raj-bharma-pulmonologist ;

Fellowship in pulmonary medicine, fellowship in sleep medicine, md
13 years experience 500 - 700 at clinic 700 online

As an asthma expert and paediatric pulmonologist, he has treated children suffering from a variety of diseases. He has also held positions as a pulmonologist and sleep expert. He is a chest specialist. In 2012, he got his fellowship in pulmonary medicine from christian medical college and hospitals, vellore, where he excelled academically. In 2010, he earned a fellowship in sleep medicine from johns hopkins university. In 2009, he earned his medical degree from kamineni institute of medical sciences, narketpally.
He has served as a consultant at hospitals in kamineni. He was awarded a global fellowship in sleep medicine. He plays a significant role in the american college of chest physicians.

Tuberculosis can be categorized as an infectious disease which can turn out to be very dangerous if not checked or taken care of properly in time. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease which spreads through a bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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This disease is generally developed and observed in people who are undernourished and do not have a balanced diet. Now, there is a substance to combat tuberculosis as found by researchers which is named as lactone ez120, this interferes with the formation of bacteria's mycomembrane.

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The substance which the researchers have found is seen to have an action which inhibits biosynthesis of the mycomembrane and oftenly kills it with immediate effect.



Few symptoms could be seen if a person has been infected with tuberculosis such as loss of weight, weakness and shortness of breath. ;



So, there are certain foods whose consumption could turn out to be very beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis. And if a person has an intake of these healthy foods then this is surely going to help him dealing with the disease.

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Few foods which have proved helpful for a good recovery from tuberculosis:





High calories intake: food rich in calories means food which has so many nutrients. This nutrient rich food could be seen meeting up the rising metabolic demands of the patient. This food is surely going to prevent the patient from having any further weight loss. Some food products such as banana, cereal porridge, peanut chikki, wheat and ragi prove so helpful and beneficial for a person suffering from tuberculosis.


Food rich in vitamin a, c and e: some food and vegetable products such as orange, mango, sweet pumpkin and carrots, guava, amla, tomato, nuts and seeds could be seen as an excellent source of vitamin a, c and e. These are the must-have food products which are to be included in a patient's diet who is suffering from tuberculosis.


Protein rich food: appetite loss is a serious problem faced by a tuberculosis patient. So, it is necessary for the patient that they have food products introduced in their diet which are very rich in protein content. There are food products which are very rich in protein content such as eggs, paneer and soya chunks belong to this category. These food products are known to provide the required amount of energy to the patient with absorption of it by the body of the patient. One thing should be kept in mind that these protein rich products should be easily digested by the patient without putting much stress to the patient's food pipe.


Food rich in b complex vitamin: seeds, nuts, fish, chicken, grains and cereals are some products which are known to have very high content of vitamin b complexes. These food products are known to be taken in a moderate amount by the patient suffering from tuberculosis. This is done to prevent any kind of adverse effect of vitamin b complex overtake.


Food rich in zinc: nuts and seeds are known to be a great source of zinc which provides our body with the essential nutrients that it requires. Nuts and seeds like sunflower seeds, chia seeds, pumpkin seeds and flaxseeds have proven to be very beneficial for a patient having tuberculosis. If these certain food products are introduced and included in a patient's daily diet program he will surely be able to fight disease in a much more effective manner. ;


Water: water should be drunk in excessive quantities by the patient. The patient should have water and ors type of liquids to drink (spoonful of honey with warm water and fresh lemon juice). This ors type of drink will surely prove to be very helpful because it has citrus fruits like lemon, oranges, etc involved which are known greatly for their effect of increasing immunity of a person. This increase in immunity means faster recovery for a patient.


Seasonal vegetables and fruits: these food products can be given to the patient because they will easily make the patient feel full as they are too filling. But some precautions are to be taken like these vegetables and fruits should not be given to the patient in place of essential food products which are important for proteins, carbs and healthy fats. These vegetables and fruits should be taken in adequate amounts because they are rich in so much fiber and the patient is restful which can prove to have an adverse effect like bloating up.


Simple carbs and fats: the patient's diet should have coarse grains, potatoes, oats and boiled rice which are in the category of simple carbs whereas maida or refined flour, pizza, burgers, and every other processed and packaged food should be avoided because they fall in the category of bad carbs. Fats (all of them) are considered to be a bad effect for the liver. But healthy fats like a spoon of pure ghee or butter, various nuts (soaked and peeled almonds, peanuts, walnuts, cashews, dry roasted chana) are arranged in minimal quantities. Carbohydrates are to be taken in the same amount as proteins. ;


Soups or boiled foods: for non vegetarians they can have chicken soup without any cream. For vegetarians they can have various boiled food products such as chickpea. And they can also use the clear liquid in which the chickpea was soaked as a soup after boiling it.


Milk: milk has a lot of proteins which can help the patient go through the full day's activities. If the milk is given to the patient in the form of a milk shake (not thick, to avoid stress to the food pipe) by adding a variety of fruits such as mango, banana, berries of different kinds (strawberry, blueberry etc). This shake will help the patient to have carbohydrate along with protein in his diet which will be a good energy booster and thus, increase the metabolism for the patient.



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Tuberculosis is known to have a very great effect on the life of the infected person. A healthy and a balanced diet enhances and ensures quick recovery for the patient and quality of life. After a patient has recovered from tuberculosis this will improve your productivity in life (post recovery).

HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are two life-threatening and common diseases in the world. The two diseases are very closely connected so much so that their occurrence is normally labelled as a co-epidemic. In most cases tuberculosis is found to be the most transmissible contagion in HIV-Immunocompromised victims, proving to be the cause of their death.

What is HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, more commonly known by its abbreviation HIV, is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against illnesses. The virus terminates a kind of white blood cells (WBCs) in the immune system known as the T-helper cell also known as CD4 cells. This virus then proceeds to duplicate itself within these cells.

As HIV reduces the T-helper cells, by duplicating at an increasing rate, it slowly breaks down the patient s immune system. This leaves the individual susceptible to other deadly diseases such as tuberculosis. HIV infection is a permanent disease with three phases of progression. HIV medications can reduce or stop the evolution of the disease from one phase to another. The treatment can also decrease the chances of spreading HIV to other people.

What is tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis is a transmittable disease triggered by the presence of bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is still considered a deadly disease in most developing countries where treatment is scarce. Generally, TB affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms include coughing with blood, fever, night sweats and loss of weight.

The relation between TB and HIV
In second world countries, most patients infected with HIV suffer from TB as the initial indicator of AIDS. Tuberculosis can occur at any phase of the HIV infection. The danger and severity of tuberculosis rises rapidly after infection with HIV. Even though tuberculosis can be a fairly primary indicator of HIV infection, it is imperative to observe that the risk of tuberculosis increases as the CD4 cell count reduces along with the progression of the HIV infection.

Treatment
Positive treatment for TB usually entails 6 months of rigorous therapy. HIV patients with TB usually respond well to this therapy, if the regimen comprises INH and a rifamycin for the period of TB therapy and cure. TB generally reappears when the immune system is unable to respond to stop the development of mycobacteria. The cytokine IFN- plays a key role in the response of the immune system all through the contagion.
HIV and TB infections area two-directional communication of the two pathogens. TB is one of the main causes of disease and fatality among patients with HIV in Africa and other severely affected regions. With almost a 50% kill rate around the world, raising awareness about this disease and consulting doctors when signs or symptoms appear is vital in reducing the extent of this epidemic.

Rifampicin- HIV treatment are complicated by the fact that one of the key drugs used in TB treatment, rifampicin, reduces blood levels of nevirapine (Viramune) by 30 to 55% and also reduces levels of most protease inhibitors.

Tuberculosis or TB as it is commonly known in medical circles is a mycobacterial infection commonly affecting the lungs. While there are some countries in the world, where TB is more common, anybody can develop TB if they are not very healthy. The TB mycobacteria spreads through the air. While some people's immune system would be able to fight the disease back; some people who have risk factors, the disease may continue to develop and present with symptoms.

So, a person can develop TB in two circumstances:

Exposure to TB
Visited a country where TB is very common
Spent time with a person who is infected with TB
Exposure to crowded places like a market or a healthcare facility where TB mycobacteria are present
Weakened immune system
Be HIV infected
Weak immune system due to long-term use of steroids
Chronic diseases like diabetes, malnutrition, end-stage kidney or liver disease, cancer, etc.
Extremes of age (children whose immune system is not fully developed, elderly whose immunity is weakened)
Chronic smoker, IV drug abuse, and/or alcohol user
Drug therapy like chemotherapy, long-term use of steroids, auto-immune disease treatments, etc.
Signs and symptoms of TB:

If you are at risk, it is also suggested that you know the early warning signs and symptoms of TB. TB most commonly affects the lungs and is known as pulmonary tuberculosis. Watching out for these helps in early diagnosis which can both help arrest the condition in the early stages and improve prognosis.

A persistent cough which lasts for more than 3 weeks
Pain in the chest worsened with coughing
Presence of blood in the sputum
Generalized and extreme weakness or fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Loss of appetite
Fever and chills
Profuse sweating at night

Pulmonary tuberculosis was a fatal disease in the past in India. On average, 95% of the deaths occur in third world countries, especially the developing ones, due to tuberculosis. In India, the deaths account to 50% out of the 95%. Such is the scenario that everyone is apprehensive if they have a prolonged cough and cold. As sputum with blood is one sign that the person is suffering from tuberculosis, steps must be taken promptly and at a swift pace to streamline things for quick care.

Tuberculosis is an air-borne disease and it can easily travel through the air when the affected person is in contact. In tuberculosis, specific bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis affects the lungs. On average, 10% of such infections progress into acute disease and kill the affected individuals.

The symptoms of tuberculosis are seen more in patients suffering from AIDS as their immunity is often compromised. Early detection can be made possible through a chest X-Ray, microscopic examination, and the nature of the fluids. In case you are suffering from a prolonged cough and cold, you must go for a tuberculin skin test or blood test to find out more about the problem.

Why is it important to eat a proper diet during pulmonary tuberculosis?
Malnutrition and pulmonary tuberculosis are interrelated. If you are eating right and inducting all healthy meals in your daily lifestyle, it will build your immunity and help fight against grave diseases. When you have pulmonary tuberculosis, the desire or craving for the food will disappear and eventually, your body will wither off. You will lose mass by losing muscles.

So, eating healthily can only help you stay strong to defeat pulmonary tuberculosis. Those who are suffering from tuberculosis face challenges with nutrients in their body. They are deprived of essential micro-nutrients and they have severe deficiencies of zinc, Vitamin A, D, C & E, selenium, iron and copper.

A protein- and vitamin-rich diet can boost the immunity of the body and prevent deadly diseases from wreaking havoc in the body. So, if you are wondering about food, here are a few items that you can eat and few that you can avoid when you have pulmonary tuberculosis.

Food to eat -

Kale and spinach are instant sources of high iron and Vitamin B, which will help you power up your immune system.
Whole grains like wheat, bread and cereals are a must-have during this time-tested period.
Carrots, peppers, tomatoes, blueberries, and cherries are rich anti-oxidants and they can boost your immune system by flushing out the oxidants from the body, which are tantamount to poison.
Vegetable oil (not butter) could be a green go during pulmonary tuberculosis.
Food to avoid -

Greasy food like beef, chicken, and mutton must be avoided. They can increase the cholesterol level in the body and compromise on the power of immunity.
Avoid margarine and butter. One should not eat cake, pastries, and other food with hydrogenated oil.
Keep an eye on your regular diet, work to build strong immunity, and always stay healthy.

Although your body is already in possession of the bacteria leading to tuberculosis, your immune system is able to prevent you from becoming sick. Doctors have made a distinction between latent and active tuberculosis (TB). In the case of latent TB, the bacteria in the body in a passive state and it causes no symptoms, and therefore it is not contagious. But, in the case of active TB, you would become sick and may even spread the disease to others. It can take place in the first few weeks or even after several months of being infected with TB bacteria.

What are the symptoms of active TB?

When TB takes place outside the lungs, then the signs of TB can vary as per the organs that are involved. For instance, TB in the spine can cause back pain and that in kidneys may cause blood in the urine.
What are the causes of TB?
TB is caused by bacteria which spreads from individual to individual via the microscopic droplets that are released into the air. This may happen when an affected person is left untreated and he speaks or sneezes or coughs or laughs.

Though the disease is contagious, it is not easy to be affected by it. As a result, you are much more likely to get affected with active tuberculosis from a person you live with or come in regular contact with, rather than a stranger. It is important to note here that people who are affected by TB and going through proper medications for over two weeks are no more contagious.

Right from the 1980s, the number of individuals affected with TB has increased dramatically, owing to the spread of HIV, which is the virus known for causing AIDS. A person infected with HIV has a weak immunity system as a result of which it becomes difficult for the body to deal with TB bacteria. So those who have AIDS are more likely to be affected with active TB and sometimes the latent form also progresses to an active one very quickly. Therefore, it is important to seek medical assistance and detect if you have any such health complications concerning TB.

Hello,

I am Dr. Parthiv Atul Kumar Shah, Pulmonologist. Today I will talk about tuberculosis. So, the first thing comes to mind is what is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis is an infected disease. It can infect any part of the body except hair and nails. It preferably involves the lung, spine and lymph nodes. Why is it so important to study about tuberculosis? When you look at the health data coming from 2018 report of global health status, it says that India is the leading country for tuberculosis. How do we get tuberculosis? So, tuberculosis is usually caused by a bacterium: mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is usually being spread by the humans while speaking, coughing and sneezing which is released into the air. Then it is inhaled by another person and another person gets the infection. All of us do not manifest the disease. The people who manifest the disease are the people who are suffering from tuberculosis and rest are the only infected organism. What are the signs and symptoms due to which you feel you have got tuberculosis? First and foremost, if it is involving the lungs, the patient usually has the cough for more than 2 weeks, may and may not be associated with the blood in the sputum, breathlessness may be there, fever, unintentional weight loss, night sweat are a few of the symptoms.

The severe form of tuberculosis can involve brain, heart, kidney and adrenal glands. How do we diagnose tuberculosis? The first thing Dr usually does is a routine blood test. If the patient is coughing then the most important modality is a sputum test, chest x-ray. These are the 3 most important things. In rare cases in which the patient is not able to produce the sputum or if the patient is having the blood in the sputum, there is another test in which we can do, we can identify tuberculosis through bronchoscopy. Now, what is it? It is a tool through which we enter into the lung for the diagnosis modality. We take the sample of cough through a tube and then send it for the examination. Once the TB comes positive, the treatment is based on the categories which are followed by the WHO. The categories are 1, 4 and 5. Category 1 is of 6 months which is consist of drugs. Category 4 & 5 are drug-resistant and hence the treatment may vary from 2-3 years. And also you wanna contact me, consult me through Lybrate.

Thank You.

Although your body is already in possession of the bacteria leading to tuberculosis, your immune system is able to prevent you from becoming sick. Doctors have made a distinction between latent and active tuberculosis (TB). In the case of latent TB, the bacteria in the body in a passive state and it causes no symptoms, and therefore it is not contagious. But, in the case of active TB, you would become sick and may even spread the disease to others. It can take place in the first few weeks or even after several months of being infected with TB bacteria.

What are the symptoms of active TB?
If you are coughing for over three weeks and sometimes even coughing up blood, it can be a sign of TB. Chest pain and pain, while coughing and breathing along with fatigue, fever, chills and night sweat, are the common symptoms of TB along with the loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss. TB may even affect other organs of your body, including your brain, spine and kidneys. When TB takes place outside the lungs, then the signs of TB can vary as per the organs that are involved. For instance, TB in the spine can cause back pain and that in kidneys may cause blood in the urine.

What are the causes of TB?
TB is stemmed from a bacteria which spreads from individual to individual via the microscopic droplets that are released into the air. This may happen when an affected person is left untreated and he speaks or sneezes or coughs or laughs. Though the disease is contagious, it is not easy to be affected by it. As a result, you are much more likely to get affected with active tuberculosis from a person you live with or come in regular contact with, rather than a stranger. It is important to note here that people who are affected by TB and going through proper medications for over two weeks are no more contagious.

Right from the 1980s, the number of individuals affected with TB has increased dramatically, owing to the spread of HIV, which is the virus known for causing AIDS. A person infected with HIV has a weak immune system as a result of which it becomes difficult for the body to deal with TB bacteria. So those who have AIDS are more likely to be affected with active TB and sometimes the latent form also progresses to an active one very quickly. Therefore, it is important to seek medical assistance and detect if you have any such health complications concerning TB.

Tuberculosis is a lung-related disease that is caused by bacteria known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis spreads through the air and it is a highly contagious disease that can be transmitted through coughing, sneezing and spitting. The symptoms of this condition include coughing, blood discharge while coughing, fever, extreme weight loss, and chills. Against general myths, this disease can be treated and is curable too. Effective, timely diagnosis and treatment with the correct methods and medication are required. Let us find out the various means for the effective treatment of tuberculosis.

- Diagnosis: Let us first look at the diagnosis method that will help in detecting the presence of the bacteria in the body. The doctor will take a blood sample and conduct a series of lab tests in order to diagnose the condition. Also, the doctor will check the medical history of the patient so as to understand what kind of complications the person may be prone to. For this, the doctor will also find out if the patient is suffering from diseases like diabetes, malnutrition, and other conditions arising out of tobacco abuse.

Diagnosis of pulmonary TB is by sputum for AFB examination and some blood test may also be required.

- Medication: Usually, the best way to treat this condition is with the help of a six-month-long course of antibiotics that may also last 12 months, depending on the prognosis. The patient will be put in quarantine as well, so that he or she does not end up spreading this disease to anyone else. A voluntary medical practitioner or trained health worker will help in care giving and medicine administration under the instructions of the doctor. The medication will usually consist of four antimicrobial drugs or antibiotics which will stop the release of nutrition and oxygen to the bacteria so that it cannot develop and grow. This will also ensure that the bacteria gets killed eventually.

- Control of Infection: The spread of the infection is such that a single sneeze or cough can infect up to ten to fifteen people who are near the patient without proper masks and other gear to prevent the transmission. Therefore, it is the job of the hospital to ensure that proper infection control takes place by using ultraviolet light to sterilise the air around the area where the TB patients have been admitted.

One thing that the patient must remember about the treatment is that immediate and timely treatment with medication must be taken so that the patient is able to get cured. If the patient skips medicines or does not get treated on time, then the infection will come back again and again. And after a point, the patient's body and the bacteria will not be able to react to the medicines.