Pap smear test also known as Papanicolaou test involves the collection of loose cells by scraping from the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The test is done primarily to test for the presence of precancerous or cancerous conditions. It is done as a routine test in gynecological examinations. Also done to check severe swellings on the cervix. Usually done in sexually active women to screen cancer in cervix, uterus or vagina. The test would usually be done by a gynecologist. In the case of unavailability, a nurse practitioner would do the test.