Anal Fissure - Know Reasons Behind It!

An anal fissure is a tear or cuts in the delicate, thin lining of the anus. Often, the tear reveals the anal sphincter – a muscle that surrounds your anus. The damage usually causes the muscle to spasm, which further pulls apart the edges of the cut. The spasm can induce pain and slow down the healing process.

An anal fissure that has recently developed or has only lasted for less than six weeks is known as acute anal fissure. On the other hand, an anal fissure that lasts for over six weeks or is recurrent is considered chronic.

Although anal fissures are more common in adults aged between 20 and 40, children can also have them at a young age.

What are the causes of anal fissures?

A number of factors can lead to the formation of anal fissures, such as the following –

• Constipation – Hard and large stools can cause lesions in the anal region during a bowel movement

• Diarrhoea – Chronic diarrhoea may cause anal fissures to form

• Muscle Spasm – A spasm refers to a brief, jerking movement, where the muscles become stiff all of a sudden. Doctors believe that muscle spasms are one of the common causes of anal fissures.

• Anal Sex – Anal intercourse can overstretch the skin of the anus and lead to anal fissures. Risk Factors Associated with Anal Fissures

The following factors are likely to increase your chances of developing an anal fissure –

• Childbirth – Pregnant women are at greater risk of developing a crack in the lining of the anus during childbirth

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases – Certain types of STDs such as HPV, HIV, herpes, Chlamydia and Syphilis are associated with an increased risk of getting anal fissures.

• Underlying Conditions – Certain underlying disorders or conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease may lead to the formation of ulcers in the anus. Anal fissures usually do not pose a threat to life. However, they can be painful and extremely uncomfortable to live with. Now that you are well aware of the causes and risk factor of the same, do not hesitate to consult a proctologist if you encounter painful bowel movement or witness a cut in the lining of the anus. Seeking early treatment can help you heal quicker.

Prevention Tips -

An anal fissure can be prevented by taking the following preventive measures:

• Keep the anal area dry
• Proper cleaning of the anal area with mild soap and warm water
• Drink plenty of water and fluids to prevent constipation
• Avoid consumption of sharp foods that are difficult to digest such as nuts, popcorn, etc.