Bronchial Adenoma: Types and Symptoms

Bronchial adenoma is an uncommon benign tumour that begins in the mucous glands and the airways of the lungs (bronchi). These cancers progress very slowly and can be cured if detected. These cancers can easily spread to other parts of the body, such as the adjoining cells and tissues. These types of cancers, however, respond well to treatment.

There are three types of bronchial adenoma:

1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma: This type of cancer starts in the salivary glands of the mouth; it may also affect the sweat glands, trachea (windpipe) and the woman's breasts.
2. Carcinoid tumors: These tumors impair the functioning of the nerve cells and cells that produce hormones. They usually develop in the stomach and the lungs.
3. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: This type develops in the salivary glands. The parotid glands near the ears are usually affected.

Causes: The exact cause of this disorder is not known. It is believed that some genes in the body are responsible for mutation of the cells. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (a combination of diseases which affects the endocrine system of the body) increases the risks of being affected by bronchial adenoma.

Symptoms: Since these tumors progress very slowly, initially the symptoms might not be apparent. In the latter stages, the symptoms that show up depend on the location of the cancer.

For carcinoid tumors, the symptoms are:

1. You may experience wheezing and cough
2. Presence of blood in the cough
3. Chest pain and breathing difficulties
4. Becoming increasingly susceptible to infections such as pneumonia

For mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the symptoms are:

1. The glands near the ears may swell
2. You may experience pain in your face

For Adenoid cystic carcinoma, the symptoms are:

1. Trouble while swallowing food
2. Hoarse voice
3. Swelling on the roof of your mouth
4. Numbness in the jaw
5. Bumps below the jaw