Rectal Cancer - How To Treat It?

Namaskar,

I am Dr. Arun Kumar Goel. Aaj main aap se rectal cancer ya carcinoma rectum ke baare mein baat karne wala hoon. To rectum jo badi aant ka niche ka hissa hota hai use kaha jata hai aur isme hone vale jo cancer hai usme jo mareejo mein symptoms hote hai unme sabse common symptom hai latreen ki jo habit hoti hai usme koi change ya change in bowel habits bolte hai, kafi marijo ko constipation hota hai, kabs hoti hai, kuch marijo ko aisa lagta hai ki pet saaf nahi hua aur isilye unhe bar bar stools jana padta hai jisko hum log kehte hai spurious diarrhoea. To ye iske alawa kuch marijo mein latreen mein blood bhi aa sakta hai, to ye jo common symptoms hai lekin important baat ye hai ki ye symptoms jyadatar log ignore kar dete hai ya aisa socha jata hai ke patient ko kuch common bimaiyan hai jaise piles ya bawaseer jise kehte hai ya kayi bar discharge hota hai to vo bhagandar ya fistula se bhi suspect kiya jata hai aur is vajah se iski jo diagnosis hai late ho jati hai.

To aise koi bhi symptoms khastor se agar vo 50 ke umar ke bad ho rahe hai toh unko ignore nahi karna chahiye, turant surgeon ko ya cancer specialist ko dikha ke jaanch karani chahiye. Isme jo jaanch hoti hai woh latreen ke raste mein ek pehle surgeon jaanch karte hai ungli ke dwara uske alawa fir doorbeen se jaanch ki jati hai aur iska confirmation jo hai cancer ka woh ek tukda ya biopsy lekar kiya jata hai. 1 bar jab cancer ka confirmation ho jata hai to staging ke liye test kiye jate hai jisme CT scan hai, MRI hai, PET-CT scan hai vo kiye jate hai aur dekha jata hai ki bimari shareer mein kahi door faili hai ya sirf rectum ke andar hi hai. Zadatar cases mein jab rectum mein agar stage 2 ya stage 3 ka cancer hota hai to patients ko pehle hum log radiotherapy aur chemotherapy dekar ke jise bolte hai hum log neoadjuvant treatment, neoadjuvant chemo-radio therapy vo dete hai; ye ilaaj kareeb 5-6 hafte ka hota hai. Isse bimari kafi shrink kar jati hai aur jo patient ko benefit long term survival mein bohot milta hai. Yeh treatment khatam hone ke baad roughly 6-8 hafte ka ek interval dete hai jisme iska response pura aur develop hota hai sath hi iske jo side effects hote hai radiation ke, usse bhi patient recover kar jata hai. Uske baad main surgery ki jati hai. Rectal Cancer ki surgery mein jo logon ke mann mein ghabrahat ya darr hota hai vo hota hai ki latreen ka rasta jo hai niche se band hoke aur pet mein ek permanent colosny bana di jayegi.

Lekin aaj ke din zadatar mareej hum kahenge ki 80-90% patients mein iski zarurat nahi hoti hai, chemoradiotherapy karke jab tumor shrink ho jata hai to zadatar cases mein hum neeche ka rasta bacha pate hai. Kuch cases mein hame ek temporary stoma ya ileostomy pet mein banana padta hai vo lekin vo kuch mahine ke bad band kar diya jata hai. Ye operation ek traditional ya open surgery ki tarah to hamesha se hota hi hai lekin aaj kal iske liye minimally invasive approach bhi aa gayi hai jisme hum log laproscopy ke dwara bhi ye surgery kar sakte hai. Usme patient ke pet mein kafi chota cut aata hai aur uski recovery kafi fast ho jati hai. To ye operation karne ke bad patient ko kuch cases mein additional chemotherapy bhi dena padta hai. Overall yahi hai ki agar hum time se is bimari ko pakad sakte hai aur proper ilaaj karte hai to zadatar mareej permanently theek ho jate hai aur usme normal latreen ka rasta bacha bhi rehta hai. To mera yahi message hai ke bimari se darein nahi, iski agar koi bhi symptoms ho to turant jaanch karayein aur proper ilaaj karayein.

Thank you!