Doctors for Male Infertility Treatment in Mumbai

The failure of a guy to contribute to procreation is known as male infertility. It is a condition characterized by the decreased quality, quantity, or function of sperm, which can significantly reduce the chances of conception.

There are numerous treatments for male infertility. These consist of:

• Hormone Therapy: Male infertility is frequently treated with hormone therapy. This type of male infertility treatment aims to resolve hormonal issues, such as low testosterone levels, that prevent sperm production or reduce the number of healthy sperm. Doctors will analyze a semen sample and a blood sample to determine the exact type of hormone therapy necessary.
• Medication: Men may be prescribed certain medications that help treat male infertility. Such medications can stimulate or increase the production of sperm or improve the quality of the sperm. For example, clomiphene citrate or letrozole can be prescribed as fertility drugs to help stimulate sperm production in the testes.
• Lifestyle Changes: Males can also make lifestyle changes to improve their fertility. For example, reducing stress and anxieties can help to reduce the production of cortisol which can hinder fertility. Other lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, losing weight, and exercising regularly can also help improve sperm quality and motility.
• Artificial Insemination: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a common form of insemination in which sperm is placed near the female’s cervix for fertilization. This type of artificial insemination can be used to treat male infertility as well as other fertility issues.
• Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected into an egg during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a type of assisted reproduction. This type of male infertility treatment is generally used when there is a low count or poor quality of sperm or when a man has difficulty ejaculating the sperm.
• Varicocelectomy: A varicocele, or swelling of the scrotal veins, is removed during this surgical operation. Varicoceles can impair sperm production and quality. During a varicocelectomy, the surgeon closes off the affected veins to improve blood flow and potentially enhance fertility.
• Vasectomy reversal: The vas deferens is the tube that delivers sperm from the testicle. It is cut and sealed during a vasectomy, a surgical technique used for male contraception. In order to restart the flow of sperm, a surgeon must reconnect the vas deferens. This procedure can be an option for men who have had a vasectomy but want to father children again.
• Testicular sperm extraction (TESE): When sperm is absent from the ejaculate (azoospermia), TESE is a surgical treatment performed to remove sperm from the testicles directly. A small sample of testicular tissue is taken through a biopsy, and if sperm is found, it can be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
• Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA): MESA is a surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm from the epididymis, a small organ located behind the testicles that stores and transports sperm. It is commonly performed when there is a blockage preventing the release of sperm during ejaculation. The sperm that is obtained can be used in IVF or ICSI.
• Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts (TURED): TURED is a surgical procedure performed to treat ejaculatory duct obstruction, which can cause infertility. During the procedure, the surgeon uses a scope to remove or widen the obstructed portion of the ejaculatory ducts, allowing sperm to pass through.

Before receiving therapy for male infertility, the following tests and examinations are frequently performed:

• Semen analysis: The first test to evaluate the amount and quality of sperm is this one. A semen sample is collected and analysed to evaluate sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), and other parameters.
• Hormone testing: It is possible to evaluate the levels of many hormones in the blood, including prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as testosterone. Hormonal imbalances can contribute to infertility, and these tests help identify any abnormalities.
• Genetic testing: To find any genetic anomalies or chromosomal problems that could affect fertility, a genetic test may be advised. This may involve analysing the patient's blood sample or conducting a specialised sperm DNA fragmentation test.
• Imaging tests: Various imaging techniques may be employed to assess the reproductive organs. These may include scrotal ultrasound, which evaluates the testicles and epididymis, or transrectal ultrasound, which examines the prostate and seminal vesicles.
• Post-ejaculatory urine analysis: This test helps determine if sperm are flowing backward into the bladder instead of being expelled through ejaculation. A urine sample is collected immediately after ejaculation for analysis.
• Testicular biopsy: To analyse the testicular tissue directly, a testicular biopsy may occasionally be carried out. A restricted number of testicular tissue is removed during this surgery and examined under a microscope to determine the quantity and quality of sperm.
• Specialised tests: Depending on the individual case, additional tests may be required. These could include sperm function tests, sperm antibody testing, or tests for infections, such as semen culture or blood tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): The red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (CBC) are all indicators of different blood components. It assists in locating any anomalies or possible underlying medical issues.
• Blood typing and Rh factor: Determining the blood type and Rh factor is important for surgical procedures to ensure compatibility in case blood transfusion is required.
• Infectious disease screening: It is essential to screen for certain infectious diseases that can impact fertility, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Liver function: Liver function tests measure enzymes like ALT and AST, as well as bilirubin and albumin. Abnormal liver function can be linked to conditions that may impact overall health and fertility.
• Kidney function: Tests such as BUN and creatinine levels evaluate the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood. Impaired kidney function can affect overall health and potentially impact fertility.
• Glucose levels: Measurement of glucose helps screen for diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, which can impact reproductive health.
• Lipid profile: This profile measures many forms of cholesterol, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol. An abnormal lipid profile may indicate metabolic disorders that affect overall health and potentially contribute to infertility.
• Electrolyte levels: Tests for electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, chloride) assess body fluid balance and cellular function. Imbalances can affect overall health and potentially impact fertility.

Here is a general step-by-step overview of a common male infertility operation called varicocele repair:

• Anaesthesia: The patient will be given anaesthesia to ensure they are comfortable and pain-free during the surgery. The type of anaesthesia used may vary (e.g., local anaesthesia, general anaesthesia) based on the surgeon's preference and the complexity of the procedure.
• Incision: subject to the surgical approach used, the physician will create a tiny incision within the scrotum or abdomen. In order to avoid scarring, the incision is often performed in an unnoticeable area.
• Exposure: Once the incision is made, the surgeon carefully exposes the testicle(s) and the structures involved in the infertility issue, such as the vas deferens or veins in the case of varicocele repair.
• Dissection: The surgeon proceeds to dissect and separate the affected structures. In the case of varicocele repair, the varicose veins that are causing the infertility issue are identified and isolated.
• Ligation or repair: The surgeon may use various techniques to address the infertility problem. For varicocele repair, the varicose veins are either ligated (tied off) or surgically repaired to redirect blood flow and improve sperm quality and production.
• Closure: After the necessary repairs or interventions are performed, the surgeon carefully closes the incision using sutures or surgical staples. By doing so, the risk of problems is reduced and appropriate recovery is facilitated.
• Recovery: The patient is then taken to a recovery area where they are monitored as they wake up from anaesthesia. In addition to post-operative care instructions, such as wound healing, activity limitations, and any required follow-up appointments, they might also be provided pain medication.

The root reason of male infertility determines the optimal course of treatment. Surgery can be an effective treatment option for certain types of male infertility, particularly when there are anatomical abnormalities that can be corrected. Here are three commonly performed surgeries for male infertility:

• Varicocele Repair: A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which can impair sperm production and quality. Varicocele repair involves surgically tying off or removing the affected veins to improve sperm count, motility, and overall fertility.
• Vasectomy Reversal: Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilisation, but in some cases, men may choose to have a vasectomy reversal if they desire to father children again. Vasectomy reversal entails reattaching the vas deferens, the tubes that deliver sperm through the testicles to the urethra, enabling sperm to flow and perhaps lead to spontaneous conception.
• Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): TESE is a surgical procedure performed when there is a severe lack of sperm in the ejaculate due to issues like obstructive azoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia. During TESE, a small tissue sample is taken from the testicle(s), and sperm cells are directly retrieved for use in assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF or ICSI.

The benefits of male infertility treatment may include:

• Improved sperm quality: Surgery for male infertility is to treat particular problems that cause infertility, that includes varicoceles or obstructions in the reproductive canal. Surgery can increase sperm quality, such as count of sperm, motility, and morphology, by fixing these issues.
• Increased chances of natural conception: By improving sperm quality, male infertility treatment can enhance the chances of natural conception without the need for assisted reproductive techniques. This can be particularly beneficial for couples who prefer to conceive through natural means or want to explore less invasive options first.
• Enhanced success of assisted reproductive techniques: In cases where assisted reproductive techniques like in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are required, male infertility surgery can significantly enhance the success rates. The likelihood of successful fertilisation and pregnancy can be increased by better sperm quality and retrieval.
• Well-being on the psychological and emotional levels: Male infertility may have a major negative effect on a person's and a couple's mental and emotional health. By addressing the underlying causes and providing potential solutions, infertility surgery can help alleviate the stress, anxiety, and emotional burden associated with infertility.