Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals

Hello friends,

Today, I will be talking about the occurrence and the prevention of common childhood infections in this weather. Jo aajkal ka changing season hai usme there are a lot of kids who are coming with gastrointestinal tract infections like diarrhea, vomiting, viral gastroenteritis,bacterial gastroenteritis to iski prevention ke liye aur agar yeh ho jaye to iske cure ke liye hamen ghar mein kya-kya cheezein follow karni chahiye so as to prevent hospitalisation of kids. First and foremost as much as possible hamen 6 month tak the babies should be on breastfeed and no outside food should be introduced because breast milk itself has lot of anti bacterial and protective factors which will protect the child against many diseases including gastrointestinal tract infections. Jo bhi bacche bottle feeding per hote hain unhme mein aisa dekha gaya hai ki diarrhea aur gastrointestinal tract infections bohot common hote hain aur unki gut immunity bhi kam ho jaati hai. Secondly vaccination, rotavirus vaccine is available and recommended for use in children less than 6 month of age and it should be routinely given.

There are two types of vaccines which are available Rotateq and rotarix so any of them has got equal efficacy so this should be given to all kids who are less than 6 months of age kyunki rota viral diarrhoea can actually be very dangerous and can be life threatening if not picked up early and if not treated well. So rotaviral vaccine should be given to all kids to prevent diarrhoea up till two years of age bohot sare aise bache hai jo ki rotaviral bacteria se grahst hote hain unme diarrhea bohot hi severe form mein hota hai, it's a form of secretory diarrhoea hota hai jo ki bilkul watery hota hai aur bache bohot jaldi dehydration mein chale jaate hain. In case a child actually gets diarrhoea then the home remedy that we can do is, the child should be given ORS ad lib that means har ek stool ke baad, har ek motion ke bad ya har ek vomiting ke baad child should be given ORS.

Not all diarrheas warrant antibiotic use, most diarrheas are viral diarrhea jis mein antibiotic use karne se it actually harms the child instead of helping. So a simple ORS with zinc is sufficient and supportive care. The parents and caregivers have to understand ki diarrhea will take two to three days to subside and during that time all that the child needs is supportive management and not necessarily antibiotic. So they have to be patient because medicines which actually stop diarrhoea can be more harmful kyunki diarrhea is a means by which the body is trying to eliminate infection which is there inside the gut, so if we try to stop the loose stools by drugs which stop intestinal motility to us case main that will harm the child, if required the child should be treated with the antibiotic or else the child should be treated ORS and zinc and exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age, rotaviral vaccination and following 6 months of age, a child should be given complimentary feeds along with breast milk. Complementary feeds should include mostly home cooked foods like mashed banana or there are so many things which are available in indian home like suji and daal ka pani and all those should be introduced in the child's meal so that the gut immunity is strengthened.

Thank you

Hi,

I am Dr. Nikhil Modi, Pulmonologist. Today I will talk tuberculosis which is a rampant and widespread disease. It is a type of infection which is caused by bacteria which is known as microbacterium TB. Ye bacteria humein hawa se milta hai. AGar kisi ko TB hai aur agar vo khasega toh hum us bacteria ko apne andar le lete hain. Sabse pegle is bacteria ka focus humare lungs pe hota hai but ye body ke kisi bhi hisse mein jake TB kar sakta hai. TB vaise toh body ke kisi bhi hisse mein ho sakta hai. But agar koi sugar ka patient hai, smoking karta hai, alcohol leta hai, immunity low hai, cancer hua hai. TB ke symptoms starting mein less hote hain jis vajah se patient unhein ignore karte hain. Aise hi symptoms badh jaate hain. Sabse common lungs ka TB hota hai. Ye pneumonia karta hai but ye normal pneumonia se isliye alag hota hai kyuki ye dheere dheere badhta hai and dheere dheere symptoms aate hain.

Sabse pehle khaasi aati hai jo sukhi ho sakti hai ya fir bulgum vali ho sakti hai. Jab zakham badh jata hai toh vo andar bleeding bhi kar sakta hai and khasi ke sath bhi khoon aa sakta hai. Patient ko fever bhi ho sakta hai jo evening time mein aa sakta hai. Patient ko kam bhook lagti hai and vajan bhi kam hota hai. Isliye sarar bhi yahi kehti hai ki agar aap ki khaasi 2 weeks se jayada chal rhi hai toh aap ko TB rule out kara lena chaiye. Kyuki ye bahut common hai India mein and timely diagnose karna abhut important hai. Agar TB timely treat na karaya jaay toh vo body mein fael sakta hai and brain ko bhi affect kar sakta hai. Is se brain mein dora, behosi, aankhon mein dhundalapan, headache ho sakta hai. Rid ki haddi mein aane se haddi mudni mushkil ho jaati hai aur haathon mein paralysis bhi aa sakta hai. Peat ke TB mein khana rukne mein dikkat hoti hai, constipation and peat fulna bhi ho sakta hai.

Ye bacteria slow growing hota hai isliaye treatment bhi lamba hota hai. Normal treatment mein 4 medicines di jaati hain aur course pura 6 months ka hota hai. Bina specialist se consult kare medicines na lein kyuki ye medicines bahut garam hoti hain. Ismein liver mein swelling aa sakti hai and dusre bhi side-effects ho sakta hain isliye constant monitoring chaiye hoti hai. Iske alawa ek bigadi hui TB hoti hai jise MDR TB kehte hain. Uska bacteria kuch logon mein direct hawa se aa jata hai, kuch logon mein medicines proper na lene se MDR TB mein convert ho jata hai. Iska ilaj bhi mushkil hai. Injections chaiye hote hain and medicines bhi problem karti hain. Iska treatment 2-2.5 years ka hota hai. Kuch nayi medicines aa rahi hain jis se treatment ka duration kam ho sakta hai. But jab bhi aap ko symptoms aaye toh aap specialist se consult karein kyuki TB contol karna asan hai agar ise sahi time pe pakad liya jaye. TB se darein nahi, iska ilajsambhav hai. Aap ko aisa samjahne ki jarurat nahi hai ki iska kisi ko pata chal sakta hai aur aap ko achoot samjha jayega. Ise chipane ki koi jarurat nahi hai kyuki ilaj hone se aap ki zindagi mein sudhar aayega.

Thank You!

Hi,

I am Dr. Nikhil Modi, Pulmonologist. Today I will talk about smoking and breathing-related issues. Smoking aaj kal trend ban gaya hai. Almost har ek person smoke karta hai. But smoking se humari body ke har hisse mein problem ho sakti hai. Jiske baare mein log anjaan hain aur uske khatare ko samajhna nahi chah rahe hain. Mai ye batana chahunga ki smoking humare andar kaise bimari karti hai. Air pollution bhi humare liya utna hi khatarnak hai jitna smoking hai. Ise bhi agar hum control kar paayein toh vo humare liya fayda karega. Jo hum smoke karte hain usmein 300 se bhi jyada cancer bnane vale bacterias hote hain. Ye humare cells ko break down karke cancer paida karte hain. Cancer ke alawa aur bhi bimariyan hoti hain jo jaan lewa ho sakti hain jismein se ek hai COPD. Ismein smoke andar jake saans lene ki linings ko damage kar deti hain.

Lungs balloon ki tarah ho jaate hain and oxygen absorb nahi hoti. Saans ki naliyan patli ho jaati hain. Iske shurati symptoms mein khasi aati hai, safed bulgum, chalane firn mein saans lene mein bhi problem hoti hai, aage chal kar baithne mein bhi ye bimari saans lene mein problem karti hai. Oxygen ki itni kami ho jaati hai ki ye bimari jaan lewa ho jaati hai. Chronic bronchitis bhi patient ko ho sakta hai. Lungs mein ched ho kar pneumothorax hone ka bhi risk hota hai. Smoking sirf humein hi nuksan nahi karta, in fact ye aas paas e logon ko bhi preshan karta hai. TB and pneumonia hone ka risk bhi badh jata hai. Smokiing jab saans ki naliyon se khoon mein absor ho jaati hai, toh khoon ki naliyan heart ko block kar sakti hai jis se heart attack ka risk ho sakta hai.

Brain stroke ka risk bhi badh jata hai. Haathon and pairon ki nasein block hone se bhi gangrene ka risk ho sakta hai. Situation aisi ho jaati hai ki haath pairon ko katana bhi pad sakta hai. Toh is se aap samajh sakte hain ki smoking se humari poori body damage ho sakti hai. Isliye aap smoking quit kariye. Agar aap smoking nahi chor paa rahein hain toh clinics mein consult kar ke counseling le sakte hain and medicines, chewing gum bhi le sakte hain. Iske baare mein sochein and smoking quit karein.

Thank You!

Hello Freinds!

I am Dr. Nikhil Modi, pulmonologist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar. I will talk about bronchial asthma. As comparatively to the previous time now the cases of it have been increased. It is a problem of airways. Causes are dust, smoke, pollen and many other allergens which are there in the air. It leads to the narrowing of the wind pipe. Initial symptoms are cough, breathlessness, breathing or whistling sound coming from the chest, chest tightness, production in mucus or sputum. The patient is not able to breathe well. It is easy to control but it should be diagnosed at early onset. You need to consult a specialist at earliest. Because doing so symptoms can be recovered fast.

Inhalers and medicines are available so, it is easy to control asthma. But when you leave the treatment in between that it leads to difficulty. Most of the people have seasonal asthma. Patient has to be treated as per their symptoms and treatment varies as per their problem. Sometimes, severity is so high that it cannot be controlled with the proper treatment than some immunotherapies are available which can be given to the patient but that has to be given under proper guidance. But if you have symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, wheezing or whistling sounds on the change of symptoms it is possible that you might be suffering from asthma. You can consult a specialist and they will help you out.

Thank You!

Namaskar Doston!

Me Dr. Nikhil Modi, sleep medicines ka specialist, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi se. Aaj me apse saans and neend se related problems ke bare me apse discuss krna chaunga. Ise obstructive sleep apnea kehte hain. Is bimari ke bare me abhi log jyada aware nhi hain. Is bimari ka treatment bhi possible hai. Obstructive sleep apnea ka mtlb hai sote waqt saans ka rukna. Logon ko lgta hai ki khrate gihri neend ki nishani hai. But ye saans rukne ka pehle symptom hai. Ye age ke badhne ke sath bimafri hoti hai. Overweight, diabetes, and thyroid ke patient me ye bimari jyada dekhi jati hai. Metabolic syndrome me obese hone ke sath sath galle me bhi charbi deposit hoti hai.

Saans ki naliyan weak ho jati hain. Jaise hi hum raat ko gehri neend me jate hain, hmare aage ki muscles piche ko gir jati hai jis se saans ka rasta band ho jata hai. Aadha band hone se khratte aate hain. Pura band hone se saans ruk jati hai jis se hum bich me hi uth jate hain. Morning me uthte hi hume lgta hai ki hum thake hue hain. Hum active nhi reh pate. Dekha gya hai ki vo driving krte hue bhi soo jate hain jisse accident ke chances badh jate hain. Ye bimari hmara lifestyle effect krti hai. Hmara weight badhta hai and saans fulta hai. Agar apko ye sab symptoms hain to iske specialist se contact kren quki is bimari ko control kia ja skta hai. Agar is control nhi kia gya to iske bhut harm hain.

Qui saans rukne se heart and brain pe effect ata hai. Isse blood pressure and sugar ka control khrab hota hai. Sudden cardiac arrest ke bhi chances badh jate hain. Heart attack se apki death hone ke bhi chances hote hain. Agar brain pe effect aata hai to brain stroke or paralysis ke chances increase ho jate hain. Iska treatment bhi possible hai. Weight reduce and lifestyle changes bhut important hain. Agar bimari jyada severe hai to nose pe lgane ke lia ek machine aati hai jo aap sote time use kar skte hain. Or apke risk factors reduce ho jate hain. Surgical procedures bhi available hai jisse is problem ko thik kia ja skta hai. Agar apko ye symptoms hain to aap apni bimari ki severity janne ke lia specialist se milen. Treatment le ke aap apni life ko acha kar skte hain or bimari se bach skte hain.

Thank You!

Hello friends,

I am Dr Nikhil Modi I am a consultant respiratory medicine in Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi. Today I will be talking about tuberculosis, as you know tuberculosis is one of the important diseases which we come across especially in a country like India. Tuberculosis what do we know about it, it is actually a disease which is caused by bacteria called microbacterium tuberculosis. It is a slow-growing bacteria hence symptoms of tuberculosis noted are very shuttle and slow to progress. How do we come to know that we have to get workout for tuberculosis? It is important to work upstart as early as possible because controlling the disease is possible if proper treatment is started. So what will be the symptoms which you will come across when you suffer from tuberculosis? Tuberculosis firstly can involve any part of the body, but most commonly it involves our lungs and the lining over the lungs, it is called as pulmonary tuberculosis. So the most common symptoms which we come across are cough which may be dry or sometimes we may have some sputum along with it, also one of the important features which is seen is presence of blood in sputum. So if anytime sputum is having blood you should get alarm and immediately consultant a specialist. Cough is usually caused by most of the allergic symptoms or other infections, so how do we differentiate, it is actually not easily differentiable from other cough but if your cough is persisting for more than 2 weeks then our work up of tuberculosis becomes important. So if you have a long-term cough you are Hemoptysis then always consult a specialist and go for the work up for tuberculosis. Secondly presence of low grade fever which may persist, if you are having weight loss, your appetite is reduce for a long time all this can be symptoms of tuberculosis. So in all these cases, a workup for tuberculosis becomes a must so at that point in time you need to consult a specialist. And it is easy to treat tuberculosis, if it is identified and drugs are good but the treatment is at least for a period of 6 months, which you have to take regularly otherwise tuberculosis may become resistant, the bacteria may become resistant and then it is difficult to treat it is called as MDR tuberculosis but now we have a treatment for that but the treatment may continue for two and a half years and it requires constant monitoring. There can be side effects from the drugs, but if you are in a proper supervision then that side effect can be minimised and the disease can we cured hundred percent. So any symptoms which may point out toward tuberculosis you should not ignore and consult a specialist as soon as possible. This is the basic crux about tuberculosis and I want to just say ki just be ready for it and it can be treated easily.

For any queries for my point of view if you want to ask you can visit me at Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi or you can contact me online on Lybrate platform.

Thank you.

Hello my friends.

I m Dr. Nikhil Modi and I am consultant respiratory specialist in Indraprastha Apollo hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi. Today I will be talking about harmful effects of smoking and air pollution. As we know smoking has been a very important risk factor for causing numerous diseases in our body. Further now with the growing prevalence of air pollution which everyone has been talking about, we have read in newspapers, in media, so this pollution along with smoking is harming us to a large extent.

What are the diseases and how it cause? We all breathe all the time and when we smoke all the smoke goes through our air ways into our lungs and breathing continues even in air pollution so the pollution is also inhaled in our body. These air pollution and the smoke from the cigarettes which we inhale are full of large toxic agents. Some of them also are cancer causing agents. Some of them are harmful gases like sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbon, and others. There are more than thousands of carcinogenic agents which are present in the smoke.

So we are been constantly expose to them. By inhaling them what all side effects can be there? It can start from very mild side effects from itching in the nose, sneezing, running nose, itching and watering of eyes which can be mild. Further down the airways involving causing bronchitis, asthma. It has to be noted here due to this growing air pollution and smoke. The number of asthma cases are on the rise. Now recent data has shown one in every 3 children. So small children are suffering from asthma which has been aggravated by all this air pollution and smoke.

Further this air pollution and smoke is harmful because it makes our body prone to large number of infections especially pneumonia. The pneumonia which was usually easy to treat now because of this smoking and everything they become difficult to treat and also can be a cause of death. Further, there is an increased risk of tuberculosis in patients who smoke and air pollution further adding to that. The most important of all is increasing number of lung cancer cases. Lung cancer, smoking has been identified with a most important factor which increases the risk of lung cancer.

So smoking harms our body. Further I would like to say smoking not only affects our lungs but through the when it is inhaled in the lungs it goes into the blood vessels and to other organs and it can also lead to cancer of other parts of the body. It can lead to increase the risk of heart attacks, it can lead to increase in the number of brain strokes also. So it is no part of the body is safe and all of them can be involved with smoking. Further this rising air pollution is also harmful. So what can we do? Smoking obviously we have to stop, it is in our hand if we stop smoking and then all of these can be minimized.

Further we have to support the government policies in reducing air pollution. We should not burn coal, should not burn wood, we should get our automobile service on time so that there is minimal emission of harmful gases from our pollution. And all other measures which we can take to minimize air pollution. Especially reduction of exposure of this air pollution and smoke in patients who are already allergic, prone to asthma so that they can lead a healthy life. It is important we do that because it is our future generation our children who are going to suffer from that and it is high time we take some action against that. And for smoking smoking cessation can also be done, there are ways of doing that through counselling and through the drugs which you can contact any specialist. You can contact me you can meet me in Indraprastha Apollo hospital or you can contact me through lybrate platform so that I can be your helper, helping you quit smoking. Thank you!

Hello friends, I am Nikhil Modi. I am a consultant specialist respiratory medicines, working in Apollo Hospital, Delhi. Today I will be sharing some words about Bronchial Asthma.

As we all know that due to the rising pollution, a rise in smoking habits, breathing problems are on a rise. One of the major breathing problem which is coming across all age groups, especially with children running into early bronchial asthma. It is a type of a chronic lung disease which is allergic in nature and can be caused due to exposure to dust, smoke, pollens and air pollution. Due to rise in this pollution, the number of cases of asthma is on rise.

How do we identify this condition?

Common symptoms we see in patients are;

• A cough, which may be variable during the day, it may be more in the early morning or at night or it can be hacking chronic in nature which may be dry or sometimes thick scutum associated with it.
• Breathing difficulty. Patients feel breathless even while sitting. And it increases while they do daily activities. The daily routine activities like washing, running, going to the office is hampered due to breathlessness.
• Also, there is some wheezing or whistling sound which is observed by the patients.

Sometimes these symptoms are more in the night time or in the early morning. And patients are too uncomfortable even while sleeping with it. So, if any of these symptoms are there, especially when you note these symptoms during the change of season. More in the winters or while exposure to dust, pollution, if these symptoms aggravate then you may be suffering from bronchitis asthma.

Treatment of this is simple. Now a lot of effective treatments are coming up which help in treating this. But one thing you need to know is that this disease is controllable and not easily curable. So, the treatment may be a long term. With time, as your symptoms are less, the medicines can be reduced to a minimum, but we do not allow these symptoms to crop up again and again by taking infrequent medicines as this can permanently damage your lungs. This damage may be irreversible and this damage may not be curable again. For these newer drugs like inhalers have come up with anti-allergic medicines. But these should be prescribed after full examination by a specialised physician, especially the chest physician so that the amount and doses of the drug can be individualised. As different patients need different types of drugs for the cure.

Once the treatment is started, there is regime to step up or step down the regime with which we can easily control the symptoms and patient can lead a very healthy life.

Further, sometimes, it is important to identify the allergens and exposure to them are prevented can reduce the symptoms.

With this, I thank you all and if you have any query, you are free to contact me through Lybrate platform.