Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease entity, but includees a variety of metabolic dissorders associated with relative deficiency of insulin action an increase of blood glucose in many cases there is tendency to ketoacidosis, the most important immediate danger, an increased liablitiy to angiopathy that provides the most serious long term risk.

 Aetiology:- knowledge is far from complete, but two factors of imporyance have been recognized; over nutrition some form of hereditsry tendency. The importance of over nutritiion is shown by the fact the over the age of 40 some 80% of patients developing diabrtrs are, or have been, considerably obese. It is of interest that the food rationing of both world wars was associated with a temporary fall in the incidence of diabetes.

 * new classification use type 1, 2 diabetes
 * type 1 diabetes mallitus it is immune mediated in 90% idiopathic in less than 10%. In is also called juvenile onset diabetes mellitus as it affects 11 to 14 yrs. Old children.

 The insulin production in hampered so they require exogenous insulin.
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus the tissues where insulin acts become insensitive.

Clinical diabetes mellitus
 Primary stage
 * precinical
Secondary stage
 * diabetic gtt, but, asymptomartic.
 * symptomatic; full blown s/s.
 * with complications.

Pathology
 Pathogenesis is complex is still not clear.
 Factors possibly responsible for development of diabetes mellitus include. Deficiency of insulin antagonists.
 Excessive neogucogenesis.