Do you know about Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome?

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) is a serious medical condition that is caused due to high levels of blood sugar in the body. It is commonly observed in older people with diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 diabetes.

In HHNS, due to high blood sugar, your body tries to release the surplus sugar by passing it through your urine. As a result, you may have to go to the bathroom very frequently. The condition requires immediate medical assistance. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as heart attack, seizure, and even death.

Causes

HHNS can be caused due to –

• A certain infection such as urinary tract infection that can increase your blood sugar levels

• Taking medications such as diuretics, corticosteroids or anti-seizure medications

• Not adhering to your diabetes treatment plan or having an improper treatment plan

• Old age

You are at a greater risk of developing HHNS if you have chronic health conditions like congestive heart failure. Additionally, if you do not monitor your blood sugar or are yet to know that you have Type 2 diabetes, you are also at risk.

Symptoms

The symptoms may take a few weeks to develop. The most common symptoms are –

• Excessive thirst

• Dryness in the mouth

• Frequent urination

• Vision impairment

• High fever

• Hallucinations

• Confusion

• Sleepiness

• Convulsions

• Nausea

• Dry and warm skin with no sweating

• Weakness on a particular side of the body

Treatment

HHNS is a medical emergency. If you are frequently urinating and feeling thirsty all the time, check your blood sugar level. Call for immediate medical help. Emergency treatment usually includes –

• To lower blood sugar level, insulin will be given to you intravenously

• The condition will leave you dehydrated. So fluids will be provided intravenously to stop dehydration.

• Potassium will be intravenously provided to improve your cell functions

Precautions

The following steps must be taken to prevent HHNS –

• Check your blood sugar levels regularly

• Be aware of the symptoms of high blood sugar and HHNS

• Take medications properly and follow the diabetes treatment plan

• If you fall sick, drink plenty of fluids. These must be alcohol and caffeine-free

Follow your doctor’s instructions at all times. Furthermore, it is recommended that you look out for the symptoms of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome – identifying the signs can help you seek an early treatment.