Female Reproductive System (Human Anatomy): </strong>Image, Function, Diseases, and Treatments

Both the internal and exterior sex organs of the female body are involved in the process of reproduction, making up what is known as the reproductive system of the female.

The female reproductive system in humans is underdeveloped at birth and matures during puberty. This allows a woman to create gametes and carry a child to full term. In other animals, the female reproductive system is mature from birth.

• Vagina: During sexual activity, the penis is sent via this muscle tube to the uterus, and after birth, the baby exits the uterus by this same tube.
• Uterus: If an egg was correctly fertilised, this organ holds and feeds a growing child.
• Ovaries: The female reproductive organs, specifically the ovaries, generate ovum. Once mature, it will be released down into one of the fallopian tubes.
• Fallopian tubes: These tiny pathways transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. At this point, the egg is waiting to be fertilised by the sperm.

The female reproductive system has several functions. It forms reproductive female egg cells (ova or oocytes). This method transports eggs to the fertilisation site. Conception occurs in the fallopian tubes. Conception occurs when sperm fertilises an egg.

After fertilisation, the egg attaches to the uterine lining, marking the beginning of pregnancy.If neither fertilisation nor implantation occurs, the mechanism causes menstruation (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). The female reproductive system produces female sex hormones, which are required for reproduction.

The delivery of a child through a surgical incision made in the mother's belly is known as a caesarean section. While vaginal birth remains the most frequent method of childbirth, an increasing number of women are opting for caesarean sections. Because bearing a child and giving birth is such a delicate procedure, the woman may have a wide variety of physical issues during the process.

When properly fertilised with the sperm of a man, whether through intercourse or artificial insemination, a woman's egg has all of the required material to generate offspring. This material can only be released into the world when the egg is fertilised. During pregnancy, a woman will experience a number of changes on the inside of her body before the outward manifestation of the 'baby belly.' These symptoms are the result of the body's response to the hormones that are produced during the process of fertilisation.

• Luteoma: During pregnancy, the ovaries are more likely to develop a kind of tumour known as a luteoma. It is connected to an increase in sex hormones, particularly progesterone and testosterone, which are the most prominent examples.
• Ovarian remnant syndrome: Patients who have undergone an oophorectomy in the past could be considered to suffer from ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS), which is defined as the presence of ovarian tissue in patients in this category. ORS is defined as the existence of ovarian tissue in patients in this category.
• Female hypogonadism: Hypogonadism is a condition that affects women that happens when the ovaries in a woman's body produce very few or no sex hormones at all.
• Hyperthecosis: Ovarian interstitial cells differentiate into steroid-active luteinized stromal cells, culminating in nests of luteinized theca cells in the stroma. The ovaries' interstitial cells have specialised. An ovary twists around its supporting tissues in ovarian torsion.
• Ovarian apoplexy: A rapid rupture in the ovary, known as ovarian apoplexy, typically takes place near the location of a cyst in the patient. It is frequently accompanied with bleeding in the tissue around the ovaries and/or within the abdominal cavity.
• Choriocarcinoma: a malignant tumour with a rapid growth rate that originates from trophoblastic cells, despite the fact that the incidence of ovarian cancer is low.
• Yolk sac tumours: These are cancers that develop in primitive germ cells and are malignant. They are sometimes referred to as endodermal sinus tumours as well.
• Malignant Teratoma: Teratomas are types of tumours that can develop from a variety of tissues, including bone, muscle, and hair. Ovaries in women and testicles in males are the most common sites of occurrence for both conditions, respectively.
• Urinary tract infection : Urine tract infections are caused by bacteria that naturally occur in the urinary system. Inadequate hygiene, females wiping from the anus towards the urine meatus, or the introduction of a catheter into the urinary meatus can all contribute to this issue.

• Pelvic Examination: When a doctor detects an infection, he or she may use a speculum to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva. The pelvic floor muscles' strength can also be evaluated.
• Papanicolaou Smear (Pap Smear): During a pelvic examination, a gynaecologist might swab the cervix and vagina to rule out any infection. If there is a possibility of cervical or vaginal cancer, this test is utilised to screen for it.
• Bacterial Culture: A culture of a vaginal and cervix sample is performed in the laboratory as part of the pelvic examination. An infection has been determined to be the cause of this sickness if bacteria are grown in a culture.
• Colposcopy: Colposcopy refers to a medical procedure in which the cervix, vagina, and vulva are all inspected under a microscope. Colposcopy allows for the straightforward diagnosis of cancer and many other diseases.
• Vaginal Biopsy: A vaginal biopsy is conducted only in extremely rare circumstances, such as when there is evidence to suspect the presence of abnormal growth in the vagina. Cancer is one of many potential causes, but there are others.

• Cervical ectropion for balancing oestrogen: They can be treated easily using a burning technique (cautery) or an electrical current (diathermy). A local anaesthetic is used during this treatment.
• Cervical cerclage for cervical incompetence: Females with cervical incompetence can have their cervix sewed shut. This can help prevent the cervix from opening too early and causing a premature birth in pregnant women.
• Cryotherapy for preventing cervical cancer: An extremely cold probe is put in aberrant parts of the cervix, and the abnormal cells are eliminated or killed by freezing, reducing the risks of cervical cancer.
• Laser therapy for preventing cervical cancer: Abnormal cells in the cervix are burned using a high-powered laser. They are able to avoid developing cervical cancer since the aberrant cells are eliminated.
• Cervical cancer vaccine for preventing cervical cancer: The majority of cases of human papillomavirus infection in young women and girls can be avoided with vaccination against certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
• Chemotherapy to kill cervical cancer cells: As part of the chemotherapy treatment for cervical cancer, the patient receives injections of the medication directly into their veins. This medication is administered in the event that the malignancy has already spread..
• Total Hysterectomy to completely cure cervical cancer: This technique of uterine and cervical elimination is accomplished by surgical intervention. This procedure is performed in the event that cervical cancer has not spread, and it is also a cure that is permanent.
• Cone biopsy for removing the affected part in cervical cancer: The tissue that contributes to the cone-like shape of the cervix is removed. Because a significant portion of the cervix is removed during this surgery, it can serve either as a treatment for cervical cancer or as a preventative measure.

• Steroids for reducing inflammation of reproductive system: Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation by limiting the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to regions of cellular and tissue damage. They are beneficial in the treatment of vaginal warts, abscess or pus secreation, and pain relief. An example of an effective corticosteroid is methylprednisolone.
• Analgesics for pain in reproductive system: Analgesics such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen can be used to relieve discomfort and inflammation in the vagina or uterus. Other forms of analgesics include naproxen and paracetamol.
• Antibiotics for infection in reproductive system: Antibiotics having broad spectrum action are often utilised, including ofloxacin, norfloxacin, metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone. Despite the fact that other antibiotics such as clindamycin, gentamicin, and doxycycline are routinely utilised in the wth during Reproductive System fracture.
• Antimicrobials for treating infection of reproductive system: Yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications, whereas bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics. Antifungal medications can permanently heal yeast infections. Patients suffering from viral infections such as herpes simplex are given antiviral medicine.