Doctors for Total Knee Replacement Surgery

Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also referred to as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical intervention that involves replacing the joint surface at the top of the shin bone/tibia and the end of the thigh bone/femur. This procedure is often performed on patients who suffer from severe knee arthritis or injury, and it includes replacing all three compartments of the knee. The process of knee replacement surgery consists of extracting the damaged, diseased, or worn-out parts of the knee joint and substituting them with an artificial knee implant, which can be composed of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials. The implants used in knee replacement surgery can last anywhere from 10 to 20 years or more. Following a personalized exercise plan and physiotherapy regimen prescribed by the doctor is vital to ensure successful postoperative recovery, regain maximum knee function and range of motion, and relieve pain and stiffness.

An artificial implant is used to replace the diseased or damaged components of the knee joint during a total knee replacement surgery. There are two primary procedures for complete knee replacement;

• Traditional Surgery: During a traditional complete knee replacement, the knee joint is exposed through an 8–12 inch incision. The damaged or diseased knee joint components are then removed by the surgeon, and their replacement with an artificial implant is made. This kind of operation often necessitates a few days in the hospital and a longer recovery time.
• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Minimally invasive total knee replacement surgery is a newer technique that involves making smaller incisions, usually between 3 to 6 inches long. Through these smaller incisions, the surgeon performs the surgery using specialized tools and methods. This type of surgery typically results in less scarring, less blood loss, and a shorter hospital stay and recovery period.

Prior to a Total Knee Replacement (TKR) procedure in India, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted by the doctor to assess the patient's suitability for surgery. The diagnostic process and assessments may include the following;

• Physical Examination: The doctor will examine the knee joint and assess the range of motion, stability, and strength of the knee. Additionally, they will look for any indications of joint discomfort, edema, or inflammation.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be performed to assess the severity of damage to the knee joint and to determine the extent of joint degeneration. These tests also help the doctor to identify any bone spurs, fractures, or other issues that may need to be addressed during the surgery.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be performed to check for any underlying medical conditions or infections that may affect the surgery. The results of these tests also assist the doctor in determining the patient's general health and wellbeing.
• Pre-Operative Assessment: The patient will undergo a pre-operative assessment that may include a complete medical history review, physical examination, and blood tests. The patient's risk factors for complications during and following surgery will also be assessed by the doctor.
• Psychological Evaluation: A psychological evaluation may be performed to assess the patient's mental and emotional readiness for the surgery, and to ensure that they fully understand the potential risks and benefits of the procedure.

The whole joint surface at the distal end of the thigh bone (femur) and the joint surface at the proximal end of the shin bone (tibia) must be replaced during a total knee replacement (TKR). The procedure typically takes around 1.5 to 2 hours and is performed using a series of steps, including;

• Anesthesia: The patient is given general anesthesia to put them into a deep sleep, or regional anesthesia, to numb the affected area.
• Incision: The surgeon will make an incision, usually between 8 to 10 inches long, on the front of the knee. In minimally invasive knee replacement surgery, a 3 to 4 inch incision is made instead.
• Preparation: The surgeon will then move the kneecap aside and carefully cut away damaged bone and cartilage from the femur, tibia, and kneecap.
• Implant: The surgeon will attach a metal, plastic, or ceramic implant to the end of the femur and top of the tibia. These implants are made to resemble the knee joint's structure and operation.
• Testing: The surgeon will test the mobility and fit of the new knee joint, ensuring that it moves smoothly and correctly.
• Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples once the surgeon is pleased with the fit, and a sterile dressing is then put on top.
• Recovery: The patient will be observed in the recovery room until they are fully awake and have stable respiration, blood pressure, and pulse. Soon after surgery, physical therapy will begin to assist improve range of motion, strength, and minimize pain.
• Discharge: Depending on the progress, patients may be discharged after 1-2 days or will be required to stay longer for proper recovery. Most patients require hospitalization for 3 to 5 days due to the invasive nature of the surgery.

When it is time to leave the hospital, the orthopedic surgeon will provide a transition plan to help with pain management and recovery. It is essential to follow the surgeon's recommendations carefully to regain maximum range of motion and strength in the knee joint.

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a safe and effective procedure that provides numerous benefits to patients suffering from chronic knee pain and stiffness. The benefits of TKR in India include;

• Improved Quality of Life: TKR can help improve the quality of life of patients by reducing pain and discomfort caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other knee-related conditions. Patients who undergo TKR can enjoy an active lifestyle and perform daily activities without pain or limitations.
• Reduced Pain and Discomfort: One of the most significant benefits of TKR is a significant reduction in pain and discomfort. TKR eliminates the source of pain by replacing the damaged knee joint with a prosthetic implant, allowing patients to experience pain-free movement and improved mobility.
• Increased Mobility and Range of Motion: TKR can restore a patient's mobility and range of motion by replacing the damaged joint with an artificial one. This new joint can provide a stable and functional knee that allows patients to move freely and perform various physical activities without limitations.
• Less Invasive and Efficient Procedure: Advancements in surgical techniques and technology have made TKR a less invasive and more efficient procedure. Smaller incisions, quicker recovery, and a shorter hospital stay are all made possible by minimally invasive surgical methods. Additionally, modern implants and materials used for TKR have longer lifespans, increasing the longevity and effectiveness of the procedure.
• Improved Mental Health: TKR can also have positive effects on a patient's mental health. Patients who undergo the procedure often report increased self-esteem, improved mood, and reduced anxiety and depression as a result of reduced pain and increased mobility.

The surgical treatment known as a total knee replacement (TKR) is typically regarded as secure and efficient. But there can be certain risks and side-effects, just like with any surgery. These possible side effects must be understood by the patient in order for them to decide whether or not to have the surgery. Some of the possible side effects of Total Knee Replacement surgery may include;

• Pain and stiffness in the knee after surgery
• Infection at the site of the surgery
• Blood clots
• Damage to blood vessels or nerves
• Allergic reactions to anesthesia or other medications
• Implant failure or loosening over time
• Reduced range of motion in the knee joint

It is important to remember that these side effects are rare and can often be effectively managed with proper care and follow-up with the orthopedic surgeon. Additionally, many patients who undergo Total Knee Replacement surgery experience significant improvements in their quality of life, including reduced pain and increased mobility.

Following a total knee replacement, recovery might take many months, and adherence to a rehabilitation regimen is crucial for the greatest results. Regaining knee joint strength, flexibility, and range of motion is the aim of rehabilitation. Here are some key steps to help recover after a total knee replacement;

• Physiotherapy: A physical therapist will design a customized exercise program to help you regain strength and mobility in your knee joint. This could involve performing exercises to increase balance, flexibility, strength, and coordination.
• Pain management: In order to assist you manage discomfort during the healing process, your doctor will prescribe medication.
• Rest and ice: It is important to get plenty of rest and use ice to reduce swelling and inflammation in the knee.
• Compression therapy: The swelling in the knee joint can be reduced by wearing compression stockings or sleeves.
• Walking aids: You may need to use a cane or walker for a few weeks after surgery to support your weight and prevent falls.
• Follow-up appointments: Regular follow-up appointments with your doctor will help ensure that your knee is healing properly and that your rehabilitation program is on track.

Most people can anticipate returning to their regular activities following a complete knee replacement within a few months with the right care and attention. However, it is important to follow the rehabilitation program prescribed by your doctor to achieve the best possible outcome.