Doctors for Enlarged Prostate in Kolkata

Enlarged Prostate, known medically as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), occurs when the cells of the prostate gland exhibit accelerated multiplication. This abnormal cell growth leads to the swelling of the prostate, exerting pressure on the urethra and causing a reduction in urine flow. It is important to note that BPH is distinct from prostate cancer and does not increase the risk of developing cancerous cells. However, the symptoms associated with BPH can significantly impact a person's quality of life, particularly among men aged 50 and above.

BPH, characterized by the proliferation of prostate cells, results in the enlargement of the prostate gland. This increased size, in turn, impinges upon the urethra, obstructing the normal passage of urine. While BPH does not pose a direct threat of cancer, it can lead to bothersome symptoms that adversely affect daily activities. It is a prevalent condition experienced by a substantial number of men in their fifties and beyond.

Treatment options for an enlarged prostate gland are tailored based on the impact of symptoms on an individual's quality of life. The following are various approaches utilized in managing this condition;

• 1. Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing mild to moderate symptoms of an enlarged prostate. These modifications encompass various adjustments in daily habits and routines to improve urinary function. They may include;
1. Fluid management: Limiting fluid intake before bedtime can reduce nighttime urination frequency and minimize sleep disruptions.
2. Dietary adjustments: Avoiding or reducing the consumption of caffeine and alcohol, as these substances can irritate the bladder and worsen symptoms.
3. Bladder training: Practicing techniques to gradually increase the time intervals between urination and improve bladder control.
4. Regular exercise: Engaging in physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and overall well-being.
• 2. Medications: Medications are commonly prescribed to manage the symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. There are two main types of medications used;
1. Alpha-blockers: These medications help relax the smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, allowing for improved urine flow.
2. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: These medications work by reducing the size of the prostate gland over time, alleviating urinary symptoms. Combination therapy with both types of medications may be recommended in certain cases.
• 3. Catheterization: In severe cases where urinary flow is significantly obstructed, temporary use of a catheter may be necessary to drain urine from the bladder. Catheterization can provide relief when other treatment methods are ineffective or before considering surgical options. It is performed by inserting a thin, flexible tube into the bladder through the urethra.
• 4. Surgical Procedures: Surgical intervention is considered for individuals with more severe symptoms or when other treatment modalities prove inadequate. There are two main types of surgical procedures for an enlarged prostate;
1. Minimally Invasive Procedures: Minimally invasive techniques are performed using specialized instruments and require smaller incisions compared to open surgery. These procedures include;
1. Transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT): Involves delivering microwave energy to heat and destroy prostate tissue, allowing for improved urine flow.
2. Rezūm water vapor therapy: Rezūm water vapor therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses steam to treat an enlarged prostate. During the procedure, small amounts of water vapor are injected into the prostate, causing the excess tissue to shrink and alleviate urinary symptoms.
3. UroLift system: The UroLift system is a non-surgical approach for treating enlarged prostate. It involves the placement of small implants to lift and hold the enlarged prostate tissue away from the urethra, allowing for improved urine flow. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and offers a quicker recovery time compared to traditional surgical methods.
2. Minimally invasive approach that are done under general anesthesia
1. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): This surgical procedure involves the removal of excess prostate tissue using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra, resulting in improved urine flow and reduced urinary symptoms.
2. Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP): During this procedure, small incisions are made in the prostate gland to relieve the pressure on the urethra, allowing for better urine flow. TUIP is generally recommended for patients with smaller prostates or milder symptoms.
3. Laser surgery: Laser therapy: Utilizes laser energy to vaporize or remove excess prostate tissue, relieving urinary obstruction. Different types of laser surgery, such as Greenlight laser surgery or Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), may be utilized based on the patient's specific needs and the surgeon's expertise.
3. Open Surgery: Open surgery, although less common today due to the availability of minimally invasive options, may still be recommended in certain cases. It involves making a larger incision to access and remove the enlarged prostate tissue. Open surgery may be necessary for individuals with significantly enlarged prostates or complex cases.
4. Laparoscopic and Robotic Prostatectomy: Laparoscopic and robotic prostatectomy are advanced surgical techniques used to remove the prostate gland in the treatment of prostate cancer. These minimally invasive procedures involve the use of small incisions and specialized instruments controlled by a surgeon to remove the prostate with enhanced precision and reduced trauma. The robotic-assisted approach, utilizing a robotic surgical system, offers improved visualization and maneuverability, allowing for precise removal of the prostate while minimizing complications and promoting faster recovery.

Surgery for an enlarged prostate is a highly effective approach in alleviating the issues associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is typically considered when other treatment methods fail to provide sufficient relief or if the enlarged prostate continues to cause recurrent medical problems, such as urinary tract infections. The decision to proceed with surgery is based on several factors, including;

• Insufficient Relief from Other Treatments: When conservative measures, lifestyle modifications, and medication fail to adequately manage the symptoms of an enlarged prostate, surgery becomes a viable option. This may include situations where urinary flow remains obstructed, and bothersome symptoms persist despite non-invasive interventions.
• Persistent Medical Problems: Surgical intervention may be necessary if the enlarged prostate leads to recurrent medical complications, such as urinary tract infections. These infections can result from incomplete bladder emptying caused by prostate enlargement. Surgery aims to address the underlying cause by reducing the size of the prostate gland and improving urinary flow.
• Consideration of Severity and Impact: The decision for surgery takes into account the severity of symptoms experienced by the individual and the resulting impact on their quality of life. Factors such as frequency and urgency of urination, urinary retention, and the presence of complications influence the need for surgical intervention.
• Overall Health Assessment: Before recommending surgery, a thorough assessment of the individual's overall health is conducted. This evaluation helps determine if they are suitable candidates for surgery and ensures that potential risks and complications are appropriately managed. Factors such as age, pre-existing medical conditions, and surgical fitness are considered during this evaluation process.

Before undergoing surgery for an enlarged prostate in Kolkata, a comprehensive diagnosis is imperative. To ensure optimal outcomes for each patient, the diagnostic process typically involves a series of tests and examinations. These include;

• Physical Examination: The initial step in the diagnostic journey involves a thorough physical examination conducted by the urologist. This examination allows for an assessment of the patient's overall health and the identification of any signs or symptoms related to an enlarged prostate. The urologist examines the prostate gland and evaluates its size and consistency.
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans may be performed to assess the size, shape, and condition of the prostate gland. These imaging techniques provide detailed images of the prostate and surrounding structures, enabling the urologist to identify any abnormalities or potential complications that may impact the surgical procedure.
• Blood Tests and Laboratory Investigations: Blood tests and other specific laboratory investigations play a crucial role in evaluating the patient's overall health and identifying any underlying conditions that might influence the surgical procedure or recovery process. These tests typically include a complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and assessments of kidney and liver function. Additionally, blood glucose and electrolyte levels may be examined.

Surgery for an enlarged prostate is done under the administration of general anesthesia. The surgical team aims to remove the excess prostate tissue responsible for urinary symptoms and restore normal urine flow. To help patients gain a better understanding of the process, below are explained the steps involved in an enlarged prostate operation;

• Pre-Operation Preparations: Before the surgery, thorough pre-operative preparations are conducted. This typically involves a comprehensive medical evaluation, including a review of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and possibly additional tests or imaging studies. The surgical team ensures that the patient is in optimal health and adequately prepared for the procedure.
• Anesthesia: Once the patient is prepared, they will be given general anesthesia. This ensures their comfort and unconsciousness throughout the surgery. General anesthesia enables a pain-free and safe surgical experience by inducing a temporary state of controlled unconsciousness.
• Incision: The surgeon determines the location of the incision based on the specific surgical technique chosen. There are generally two common incision sites: the lower abdomen or the area between the anus and scrotum. The choice of incision site depends on factors such as the surgeon's preference, the patient's condition, and the type of surgery being performed.
• Accessing the Prostate: After making the incision, the surgeon gains access to the prostate gland. The surgical team takes great care to ensure proper exposure of the prostate for a clear surgical field. This allows for precise removal of the excess prostate tissue causing urinary symptoms.
• Removing the Excess Tissue: The next step involves the removal of the excess prostate tissue to alleviate urinary symptoms. Several methods can be employed, depending on the surgeon's expertise and the specific requirements of the patient:
1. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): In this procedure, a specialized instrument called a resectoscope is introduced through the penis. The surgeon uses the resectoscope to remove excess prostate tissue by cutting it away with an electric current. This technique is often suitable for moderate to severe cases of BPH.
2. Open Prostatectomy: Open prostatectomy is a surgical approach that involves making an incision in the lower abdomen to access and remove the enlarged prostate tissue. This method is typically employed for extremely enlarged prostates or in cases where TURP is not suitable.
3. Laser Surgery: Laser surgery utilizes a laser device to burn off or remove the excess prostate tissue. The surgeon carefully directs the laser energy to precisely remove or vaporize the tissue, resulting in improved urinary flow. Laser surgery offers certain advantages, such as reduced bleeding and a shorter hospital stay.
• Closing the Incision: Once the excess tissue has been successfully removed, the surgeon carefully closes the incision using stitches or staples. The closure technique is chosen based on the location and size of the incision, ensuring proper wound healing and minimal scarring.
• Recovery Room: Following the procedure, the patient is transferred to a recovery room where their vital signs and overall condition are closely monitored. Depending on the patient's specific circumstances, they may need to stay in the hospital for a day or two for further observation and post-operative care. In some cases, a catheter may be inserted to assist in draining urine from the bladder, aiding the healing process.

Enlarged prostate operation offers several significant benefits for patients in Kolkata. This surgical intervention aims to address the urinary problems and symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate, medically known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). By reducing the size of the prostate gland, the surgery provides relief from discomfort, pain, and urinary symptoms, ultimately improving the patient's quality of life. Following are the benefits of enlarged prostate surgery;

• Reduction in Prostate Size: Enlarged prostate surgery effectively reduces the size of the prostate gland. By removing the excess tissue causing the obstruction, the surgery restores normal urinary function and allows for better urine flow. This reduction in prostate size helps alleviate the pressure on the urethra, promoting improved urinary control and reducing the frequency of urination.
• Treatment of Urinary Problems: This surgery is highly effective in treating urinary problems caused by BPH. These problems include difficulty initiating urination, weak urine flow, frequent urination (especially during the night), urinary urgency, and incomplete bladder emptying. By addressing these issues, the surgery allows patients to regain normal urinary function and eliminates the distressing symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate.
• Faster Recovery: Enlarged prostate surgery in Kolkata is performed using advanced surgical techniques, resulting in a faster recovery time for patients. The surgical procedures are designed to minimize trauma to surrounding tissues, reduce post-operative discomfort, and facilitate a quicker return to normal activities. With proper post-operative care and follow-up, patients can expect a smoother and faster recovery process.
• Reduced Pain: The procedure is designed to minimize pain and discomfort. Surgeons utilize various approaches, such as minimally invasive techniques or laparoscopic procedures, to reduce tissue trauma and post-operative pain. Moreover, advancements in pain management strategies, including the use of appropriate analgesics, further contribute to a comfortable and pain-free recovery experience for patients.
• Treatment of Urinary Infections: The surgery helps in treating urinary infections associated with BPH. An enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow and create conditions that contribute to urinary tract infections (UTIs). By addressing the underlying cause and removing the obstruction, surgery significantly reduces the risk of recurrent UTIs, allowing for improved urinary health.
• Relief from Pain and Discomfort: Enlarged prostate surgery provides significant relief from pain and discomfort caused by an enlarged prostate. Patients often experience symptoms such as pelvic pain, lower abdominal discomfort, and a constant feeling of pressure or urgency. The surgery aims to alleviate these symptoms, allowing patients to experience relief and an improved overall sense of well-being.
• Reduction of Urinary Symptoms: Enlarged prostate surgery effectively reduces urinary symptoms associated with BPH. Patients commonly experience bothersome symptoms such as frequent urination, nocturia (excessive urination during the night), weak urine flow, and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. By addressing the root cause of these symptoms through surgery, patients can expect a significant reduction in urinary problems and an improvement in their overall urinary function.

Enlarged prostate surgery, also known as prostatectomy, is an effective treatment option for individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While the surgery offers significant benefits, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Although not everyone experiences these side effects, understanding their possibilities can help patients make informed decisions. Let's explore the possible side effects of enlarged prostate surgery in detail.

• Infections of the Urinary Tract: Following enlarged prostate surgery, there is a risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs may occur due to the presence of a catheter or as a result of the surgical procedure itself. Symptoms of UTIs include increased urinary frequency, urgency, pain or discomfort during urination, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
• Retrograde Ejaculation: Retrograde ejaculation is a common side effect of enlarged prostate surgery. During ejaculation, instead of exiting through the penis, semen flows backward into the bladder. While this does not affect sexual pleasure, it may cause infertility issues as sperm does not reach the ejaculate.
• Chronic Urinary Problems and Incontinence: In some cases, enlarged prostate surgery can lead to chronic urinary problems, including urinary incontinence. This can manifest as the inability to control urine flow, leading to involuntary leakage. While the incidence of incontinence after surgery is relatively low, it is essential to discuss this possibility with your urologist.
• Prostate Regrowth or Scarring: Although uncommon, there is a possibility of prostate regrowth or scarring following enlarged prostate surgery. Approximately 10% of patients may experience the recurrence of prostate tissue over time. This regrowth can contribute to the return of urinary symptoms.
• Urethral Narrowing and Split Stream of Urine: Urethral narrowing, known as urethral stricture, is a rare but possible side effect of enlarged prostate surgery. It can result in a split stream of urine, where the urine flow becomes divided or obstructed. This condition may require additional treatment, such as urethral dilation or corrective surgery, to restore normal urine flow.
• Chronic Prostatitis or Prostate Inflammation: Enlarged prostate surgery can occasionally lead to chronic prostatitis, which is inflammation of the prostate gland. This can result in persistent discomfort, pain, and urinary symptoms.
• Allergic Reaction to Anesthesia: While rare, allergic reactions to anesthesia can occur during enlarged prostate surgery. Anesthesia-related allergies may cause symptoms such as skin rash, difficulty breathing, or changes in blood pressure.

After enlarged prostate treatment, it is important to allocate a sufficient period for recovery. Most men typically require 3 to 4 weeks of rest before gradually resuming normal activities. During this initial phase, it is advisable to avoid lifting heavy objects, including grocery shopping, and engaging in strenuous exercises. Seeking assistance from friends or family members for household chores or movement can facilitate a smooth recovery process. Here are some of the important aspects of recovery after enlarged prostate treatment, that include;

• Managing Swelling: In some cases, swelling of the scrotum may occur following the surgery. To minimize swelling, patients can create a sling using a rolled towel. Placing the towel roll beneath the scrotum and wrapping the sides over the legs provides support while sleeping or sitting. If swelling persists after a week, it is important to consult your doctor for further evaluation and guidance.
• Pain Management: Pain is a common side effect of enlarged prostate treatment. Your doctor will prescribe appropriate pain medication to help manage any discomfort during the recovery period. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and timing to ensure optimal pain relief while minimizing the risk of adverse side effects. If you experience persistent or severe pain, it is important to communicate with your healthcare provider for further evaluation.
• Catheter Care: Following enlarged prostate treatment, a catheter is often inserted to assist with urine drainage. Proper care and maintenance of the catheter are crucial to prevent complications. Your doctor will provide detailed instructions on how to empty and clean the catheter, ensuring hygiene and minimizing the risk of infection. It is important to follow these instructions diligently and report any concerns or issues to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Physical Activity: While it is essential to rest and avoid strenuous activities initially, engaging in mild exercises such as walking can promote healing and prevent blood clots. Your doctor will provide specific guidelines regarding physical activity, taking into account your individual condition and the type of treatment received. It is important to follow these recommendations closely to optimize your recovery and prevent potential complications.
• Diet and Hydration: Maintaining a proper diet and staying hydrated are essential for a healthy recovery after enlarged prostate treatment. Your doctor may recommend a specific diet plan, including foods that are high in fiber to prevent constipation, which can be a common side effect of pain medication. Adequate hydration supports overall healing and ensures proper urinary function. Following your doctor's dietary and hydration recommendations will contribute to a smooth recovery process.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-up visits with your urologist are crucial during the recovery phase. These appointments allow your doctor to monitor your progress, address any concerns or complications, and make necessary adjustments to your treatment plan. Following the recommended follow-up schedule ensures comprehensive care and promotes long-term health and well-being.